Q11.42CP - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

Isoniazid (below) is an antibacterial agent that is very useful against many common strains of tuberculosis. 

1. How many sigma bonds are in the molecule?
2. What is the hybridization of each C and N atom?

                      

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1. The total number of sigma bonds is 17 bonds.
2. The hybridization of C-atom is sp² and N-atom is sp³ hybridized.

Step 1: Bonding

Bonding may be defined as the force of attraction between two or more atoms to form a compound. The molecule can have the same atom and a different atom.

Step 2: Sigma Bond

Sigma bond is the bond between the molecules that are formed by the head-on-overlapping of the hybrid orbitals of the atoms.

There are 17 sigma bonds which are also called single bonds in the molecule.

Step 3: Hybridisation

Hybridization may be defined as mixing the atomic orbital to form a hybrid orbital before bonding with another atomic orbital having a similar atomic orbital. There is an alternate double bond present in benzene having sp² hybridized and N-atom having a three-sigma bond and one lone present forming sp³ hybridized.

 

The hybridization of the atom in the Isoniazid molecule:

C-atom: sp² hybridized

N-atom: sp³ hybridized