Q.10.103 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in each of the following equations: 

a. ${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)⟶{\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}\left(aq\right)+{{\mathrm{NO}}_3}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

b. ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)+\mathrm{HBr}\left(aq\right)⟶{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{Br}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Part (a) . ${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(aq\right)/{\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}\left(aq\right) and {\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)/{\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Part (b) . ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)/{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right) and \mathrm{HBr}\left(aq\right)/B{r}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Step 1: Information (Part a)

In the Brønsted-Lowry meaning of acids and bases, a conjugate acid-base pair comprises two substances that vary exclusively by the presence of a proton (H⁺). A conjugate acid is framed when a proton is added to a base, and a conjugate base is shaped when a proton is eliminated from an acid.

Step 2: Explanation Part (a)

A conjugate acid-base pair comprises two substances that vary exclusively by the presence of a proton $H^{+}$. A conjugate acid is framed when a proton is added to a base, and a conjugate base is shaped when a proton is eliminated from an acid.

The conjugate acid-base pair is,

${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(aq\right)\to {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}\left(aq\right)\text{ and }{\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)\to {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Step 3: Explanation Part (b)

A conjugate acid-base pair comprises two substances that vary exclusively by the presence of a proton $H^{+}$. A conjugate acid is framed when a proton is added to a base, and a conjugate base is shaped when a proton is eliminated from an acid.

The conjugate acid-base pair is,

${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(I\right)\to {\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)\text{ and }\mathrm{HBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\mathrm{Br}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$