Q. 7.99 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Balance each of the following chemical equations, and identify the type of reaction: ($7.4, 7.5$)

a. data-custom-editor="chemistry" ${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(\mathrm{g}\right) + \mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{g}\right) \to {\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\left(\mathrm{s}\right)$ 

b.  ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_8\left(\mathrm{g}\right) + {\mathrm{O}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) \stackrel{∆}{\to }{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) + {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$

c. data-custom-editor="chemistry" $\mathrm{Sb}\left(\mathrm{s}\right) + {\mathrm{Cl}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) \to {\mathrm{SbCl}}_3\left(\mathrm{s}\right)$

d. data-custom-editor="chemistry" ${\mathrm{NI}}_3\left(\mathrm{s}\right)\to {\mathrm{N}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) + {\mathrm{I}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$ 

e. data-custom-editor="chemistry" $\mathrm{KBr}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) + {\mathrm{Cl}}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) \to \mathrm{KCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) + {\mathrm{Br}}_2\left(\mathrm{l}\right)$

f. data-custom-editor="chemistry" $\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{s}\right) + {\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) \to {\mathrm{H}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) + {\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)$

g. data-custom-editor="chemistry" ${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) + \mathrm{NaOH}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) \to \mathrm{Al}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_3\left(\mathrm{s}\right) + {\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) The required balanced equation is ${\mathrm{NH}}_3+\mathrm{HCl}\to {\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}$ and the type of reaction is a combination

(b) The required balanced equation is ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_8+6{\mathrm{O}}_2\stackrel{∆}{\to }4{\mathrm{CO}}_2+4{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$ and the type of reaction is combustion

(c) The required balanced equation is $2\mathrm{Sb}+3{\mathrm{Cl}}_2\to 2{\mathrm{SbCl}}_3$ and the type of reaction is a combination

(d) The required balanced equation is $2{\mathrm{NI}}_3\to {\mathrm{N}}_2+3{\mathrm{I}}_2$ and the type of reaction is a decomposition

(e) The required balanced equation is $2\mathrm{KBr}+3{\mathrm{Cl}}_2\to 2\mathrm{KCl}+{\mathrm{Br}}_2$ and the type of reaction is a single replacement

(f) The required balanced equation is $2\mathrm{Fe}+{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\to 3{\mathrm{H}}_2+\mathrm{Fe}{\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)}_3$ and the type of reaction is a single replacement

(g) The required balanced equation is ${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)}_3+6\mathrm{NaOH}\to 2\mathrm{Al}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_3+3{\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$ and the type of reaction is a double replacement 

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the balanced equation and type of the reaction

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

The balance equation is that in which total mass of reactant is equal to total mass of products

Therefore, The required balanced equation is,

${\mathrm{NH}}_3+\mathrm{HCl}\to {\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}$

And from the above equation we can interpret the type of reaction i.e. combination

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the balanced equation and type of the reaction 

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

The balance equation is that in which total mass of reactant is equal to total mass of products

Therefore, The required balanced equation is,

${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_8+6{\mathrm{O}}_2\stackrel{∆}{\to }4{\mathrm{CO}}_2+4{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$

And from the above equation we can interpret the type of reaction i.e. combustion

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the balanced equation and type of the reaction 

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

The balance equation is that in which total mass of reactant is equal to total mass of products

Therefore, The required balanced equation is,

$2\mathrm{Sb}+3{\mathrm{Cl}}_2\to 2{\mathrm{SbCl}}_3$

And from the above equation, we can interpret the type of reaction i.e. combination

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the balanced equation and type of the reaction 

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

The balance equation is that in which total mass of reactant is equal to total mass of products

Therefore, The required balanced equation is,

$2N{I}_3\to {\mathrm{N}}_2+3{\mathrm{I}}_2$

And from the above equation we can interpret the type of reaction i.e. decomposition

Part (e) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the balanced equation and type of the reaction

Part (e) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

The balance equation is that in which total mass of reactant is equal to total mass of products

Therefore, The required balanced equation is,

$2KBr+C{l}_2\to 2\mathrm{KCl}+{\mathrm{Br}}_2$

And from the above equation we can interpret the type of reaction i.e. single replacement 

Part (f) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the balanced equation and type of the reaction 

Part (f) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

The balance equation is that in which total mass of reactant is equal to total mass of products

Therefore, The required balanced equation is,

$2\mathrm{Fe}+3{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\to 3{\mathrm{H}}_2+{\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)}_3$

And from the above equation we can interpret the type of reaction i.e. single replacement

Part (g) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the balanced equation and type of the reaction 

Part (g) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

The balance equation is that in which total mass of reactant is equal to total mass of products

Therefore, The required balanced equation is,

${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)}_3+6\mathrm{NaOH}\to 2\mathrm{Al}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_3+3{\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$

And from the above equation we can interpret the type of reaction i.e. double replacement