Q. 6.9 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

 Write the symbol for the ion of each of the following:

a. chlorine                   b. cesium

c. nitrogen                   d. radium

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

a)  The symbol for chlorine ion is $C{l}^{-}$

b)  The symbol for cesium ion is  

c)  The symbol for  nitrogen ion is  

d)  The symbol for radium ion is  

Step 1: Introduction

Given is the elements Chlorine, cesium, nitrogen, radium. To find the symbol of each ion.

Step 2: Explanation of (a)

a)  Chlorine is a non-metal in Group 7 (A) with seven valence electrons. It can gain one electron to complete its octet. The symbol of chlorine is . It contains $17$ protons, and after gaining one electron, the ion's total number of electrons is  . Determine the ionic charge on the ion by adding the total positive charge due to the total number of protons and the total negative charge due to the total number of electrons:

ionic charge

Write the symbol of the ion with calculated ionic charge as . Thus, the symbol for the ion of chlorine is .

Step 3: Explanation of (b)

b) Cesium is a Group 1 (A) metal with a single valence electron. It can lose one electron to complete its octet. The symbol of cesium is $Cs$. It possesses $55$ protons, and when one electron is lost, the ion's total number of electrons is $54$ . Determine the ionic charge on the ion by adding the total positive charge due to the total number of protons and the total negative charge due to the total number of electrons:

ionic charge$$\begin{gathered} (+55)+(-54) \\ =+1 \end{gathered}$$

Write the symbol of the ion with calculated ionic charge as  . Thus, the symbol for the ion of cesium is  .

Step 4: Explanation of (c)

c)  Nitrogen is a non-metal in Group$15$ A  with five valence electrons. It can gain three electrons to complete its octet. The symbol of nitrogen is  . It possesses $7$ protons, and after gaining three electrons, the ion's total number of electrons is $10$ . Determine the ionic charge on the ion by adding the total positive charge due to the total number of protons and the total negative charge due to the total number of electrons:

ionic charge =  

Write the symbol of the ion with calculated ionic charge as   . Thus, the symbol for the ion of nitrogen is  .

Step 5: Explanation of (d)

d) Radium is a metal in Group $2$ (A) with two valence electrons. To complete its octet, it can lose two electrons. Radium is represented by the symbol $Ra$. It possesses $88$ protons, and the total number of electrons in the ion is $86$ after two electrons are lost. Determine the ionic charge on the ion by adding the total positive charge due to the total number of protons and the total negative charge due to the total number of electrons:

Ionic charge =  

Write the symbol of the ion with calculated ionic charge    Thus, the symbol for the ion of radium is .