Q. 4.82 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

For each of the following, write the symbol and name for X and the number of protons and neutrons. Which are isotopes of each other? $(4.4 ,4.5)$

a. $\begin{array}{c}124\\ 47\end{array}X$

b. $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 49\end{array}X$

c. $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 50\end{array}X$

d. $\begin{array}{c}124\\ 50\end{array}X$

e. $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 48\end{array}X$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

a. The symbol is $\begin{array}{c}124\\ 47\end{array}Ag$,  the element name is Silver (Ag), the number of protons is $47$, neutrons is $77$ , and no isotope.

b.  The symbol is $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 49\end{array}In$ the element name is Indium (In), the number of protons is  $49$, neutrons is $67$  , and no isotope.

c.  The symbol is  $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 50\end{array}Sn$,  the element name is Tin (Sn), the number of protons is  $50$, neutrons is  $66$,  and isotope with $\begin{array}{c}124\\ 50\end{array}Sn$.

d. The symbol is  $\begin{array}{c}124\\ 50\end{array}Sn$,  the element name is Tin (Sn), the number of protons is  $50$neutrons is  $74$,   and isotope with   $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 50\end{array}Sn$.

e. The symbol is  $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 48\end{array}Cd$,  the element name is Cadmium (Cd), the number of protons is $48$neutrons is   $68$, and no isotope.

Part (a) step 1: Given Information

We need to write the symbol name, element name,  the number of protons and neutrons and find the isotopes.

Part (a) step 2: Simplify

The standard form is $\begin{array}{c}A\\ z\end{array}X$

Here,

A is the atomic mass

Z is the atomic number

X is the name of the element.

We can observe that $\begin{array}{c}124\\ 47\end{array}X$  has atomic number is $47$according to the periodic table. The name of the element is Silver (Ag) and it has $47$protons.

now,

Subtract  a number of protons from atomic mass:

Neutrons $=A-Z$

Neutrons $$\begin{gathered} =124-47 \\ =77 \end{gathered}$$

There is no item with the same number of atomics. So, it has no isotope within the group.

Part (b) step 1: Given Information

We need to write the symbol name, element name,  the number of protons and neutrons and find the isotopes.

Part (b) step 2: Simplify

The standard form is $\begin{array}{c}A\\ z\end{array}X$

Here,

A is the atomic mass

Z is the atomic number

X is the name of the element.

We can observe that $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 49\end{array}X$ has atomic number is  $49$ according to the periodic table. The name of the element is Indium (In) and it has $49$ protons.

now,

Subtract  a number of protons from atomic mass:

Neutrons $=A-Z$

Neutrons $$\begin{gathered} =116-49 \\ =67 \end{gathered}$$

There is no item with the same number of atomics. So, it has no isotope within the group.

Part (c) step 1: Given Information

We need to write the symbol name, element name,  the number of protons and neutrons and find the isotopes.

Part (c) step 2: Simplify

The standard form is $\begin{array}{c}A\\ z\end{array}X$

Here,

A is the atomic mass

Z is the atomic number

X is the name of the element.

We can observe that  $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 50\end{array}X$ has atomic number is  $50$according to the periodic table. The name of the element is Tin (Sn) and it has  $50$protons.

now,

Subtract  a number of protons from atomic mass:

Neutrons$=A-Z$

Neutrons $$\begin{gathered} =116-50 \\ =66 \end{gathered}$$

There is one item with the same number but a different atomic mass. So, it isotope is $\begin{array}{c}124\\ 50\end{array}X or \begin{array}{c}124\\ 50\end{array}Sn$.

Part (d) step 1: Given Information

We need to write the symbol name, element name,  the number of protons and neutrons and find the isotopes.

Part (d) step 2: Simplify

The standard form is $\begin{array}{c}A\\ z\end{array}X$

Here,

A is the atomic mass

Z is the atomic number

X is the name of the element.

We can observe that   $\begin{array}{c}124\\ 50\end{array}X$ has atomic number is $50$ according to the periodic table. The name of the element is Tin (Sn) and it has   $50$ protons.

now,

Subtract  a number of protons from atomic mass:

Neutrons$=A-Z$

Neutrons $$\begin{gathered} =124-50 \\ =74 \end{gathered}$$

There is one item with the same number but a different atomic mass. So, it isotope is $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 50\end{array}X or \begin{array}{c}116\\ 50\end{array}Sn$.

Part (e) step 1: Given Information

We need to write the symbol name, the number of protons and neutrons, and find the isotopes.

Part (e) step 2: Simplify

The standard form is $\begin{array}{c}A\\ z\end{array}X$

Here,

A is the atomic mass

Z is the atomic number

X is the name of the element.

We can observe that  $\begin{array}{c}116\\ 48\end{array}X$ has atomic number is $48$ according to the periodic table. The name of the element is Cadmium (Cd) and it has  $48$protons.

now,

Subtract the number of protons from atomic mass:

Neutrons $=A-Z$

Neutrons $$\begin{gathered} =116-48 \\ =68 \end{gathered}$$

There is no item with the same number of atomics. So, it has no isotope within the group.