Q. 4.80 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Match the subatomic particles ($1$ to $3$) to each of the descriptions below: ($4.4$)

1. protons    2. neutrons      3. electrons

a. mass number

b. surround the nucleus

c. in the nucleus

d. charge of $0$

e. equal to number of electrons

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) The subatomic particles are protons and neutrons

(b) The subatomic particles are electrons

(c) The subatomic particles are protons and neutrons

(d) The subatomic particles are neutrons

(e) The subatomic particles are protons

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

We need to find out the subatomic particles which contribute to the mass no.

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

We know that,

Mass no. is equal to the sum of no. of protons and no. of neutrons.

So, the subatomic particle which matches with mass no. is protons and neutrons

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the subatomic particles which surround the nucleus. 

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

We know by Bohr's atomic theory that, 

Electrons revolve around the nucleus of the atom

So, The subatomic particles are electrons which surround the nucleus.

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the subatomic particles in the nucleus. 

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

We know by Bohr's theory that,

Protons and neutrons contribute to the nucleus

So, The subatomic particles are neutrons and protons in the nucleus.

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the subatomic particle having charge $0$

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

We know that, 

Neutrons have mass only i.e. they does not have any charge

Therefore, The subatomic particles are neutrons which have charge $0$

Part (e) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the subatomic particles which have equal no. of electrons

Part (e) Step 2: Explanation

We know that,

Charge on any atom is zero, which implies that positive charge is equal to negative charge which is only possible only if no. of electrons are equal to no. of protons.

Therefore, The subatomic particles are protons