Q. 3.89 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

The following graph is a heating curve for chloroform, a solvent for fats, oils, and waxes: ($3.7$)

a. What is the approximate melting point of chloroform?

b. What is the approximate boiling point of chloroform?

c. On the heating curve, identify the segments $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$, and $E$ as solid, liquid, gas, melting, or boiling.

d. At the following temperatures, is chloroform a solid, liquid, or gas?

$-{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};-{40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};{25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Part $\left(a\right)$

$\left(a\right)$ Using the following graphs,the melting point is $-{60}^0\mathrm{C}.$

Part $\left(b\right)$

$\left(b\right)$Using the following graphs,the boiling point is ${60}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}.$

Part $\left(c\right)$

$\left(c\right)$$A$is solid state,$B$ is melting point,$C$ is in liquid state,$D$ is in water boils,$E$ is in gaseous condition.

Part $\left(d\right)$

$\left(d\right)$$-{80}^{\circ }C$ in solid satae,$-{40}^{\circ }C$ in liquid condition,${25}^{\circ }C$ in liquid condition,${80}^{\circ }C$in gaseous state.

Step: 1 Given Information: (Part a)

Given are:The temperature curves for chloroform, a fat, oil, and waxes solvent, is provided.

To find the melting point of chloroform.

Step: 2 Melting point: (Part a)

The melting point of chloroform is illustrated by B on the above heating curve, which is at $-{60}^{\circ }C$. 

Step: 3 Given Information: (Part b)

Given are:The heating curve for chloroform, a solvent for fats, oils, and waxes in a given graph below:

To find the boiling point of chloroform.

Step: 4 Boiling point: (Part b)

At point,$D$ which is at ${60}^{\circ }C$, the boiling point of chloroform, is shown on the given heating curve.

Step: 5 Given Information: (Part c)

Given are:The heating curve for chloroform, a solvent for fats, oils, and waxes in a given graph below:

To identify the  heating curve segments $A,B,C,D,E$ has solid, liquid, gas, melting, or boiling.

Step: 6 Identifying curve: (Part c)

The curve $A$is found below the melting point, indicating a solid state

The curve $B$ identifies the melting point

The curve $C$ is present above the melting point but below the boiling point, indicating that it is in a liquid state

The curve $D$ specifies the temperature at which water boils

The curve $E$ is present above the boiling point, it denotes a gaseous condition.

Step: 7 Given Information: (Part d)

Given are:The temperature as $-{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};-{40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};{25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ in heating curve for chloroform, a solvent for fats, oils, and waxes in a given graph below:

To find the following temperature $-{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};-{40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};{25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ is chloroform a solid, liquid, or gas.

Step: 8 Finding the curve: (Part d)

Chloroform has a melting point of $-{60}^{\circ }C$ and a boiling temperature of  ${60}^{\circ }C.$

On the heating curve, $-{80}^{\circ }C$ is below the melting point, indicating a solid state. As a result, chloroform exists in a solid state at $-{80}^{\circ }C$.

$-{40}^{\circ }C$ Is present above the melting point but below the boiling point, indicating that it is in a liquid condition.

${25}^{\circ }C$Is present above the melting point but below the boiling point, indicating that it is in a liquid condition.

${80}^{\circ }C$ As it is above the boiling point, it denotes a gaseous state.