Q. 36 - Calculus

Question

Use a sign chart for ${\mathit{f}}^{\mathbf{\text{'}}}$ to determine the intervals on which each function $\mathit{f}$ is increasing or decreasing. Then verify your algebraic answers with graphs from a calculator or graphing utility.

$\mathit{f}\mathbf{\left(}\mathit{x}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{=}\mathit{c}\mathit{o}{\mathit{s}}^{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{\left(}\mathit{x}\mathbf{\right)}$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Ans: Increasing interval $\mathbf{[}\mathbf{2}\mathbf{k}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{1}\mathbf{,}\mathbf{2}\mathbf{k}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{3}\mathbf{]}$

and decreasing elsewhere.

Step 1. Given information:

$\mathit{f}\mathbf{\left(}\mathit{x}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{=}\mathit{c}\mathit{o}{\mathit{s}}^{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{\left(}\mathit{x}\mathbf{\right)}$

Step 2. Finding the derivative of the function:

$$\begin{gathered} f\left(x\right)={\cos }^2\left(x\right) \\ {f}^{\text{'}}\left(x\right)=2\cos x.\sin x \\ {f}^{\text{'}}\left(x\right)= \sin 2x \\ let f^{\text{'}}\left(x\right)=0 \\ \therefore \sin 2x =0 \\ \Rightarrow 2x=n\pi \\ \Rightarrow x=\frac{n\pi }{2} [where n is any integer] \\ \Rightarrow x=2k+1 \\ x=2k+1 \end{gathered}$$

Step 3. Finding increasing and decreasing intervals:

Intervals of the given function :

$$\begin{gathered} f^{\text{'}}\left(x\right) has x=2k+2 \\ {f}^{\text{'}}(2k+2)=\frac{\pi }{2}\cos \left(\frac{\pi }{2}\right(2k+2\left)\right) \\ =\frac{\pi }{2}\cos (k+1)\pi \\ =\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\frac{\pi }{2}& when k=1,3,5,...\\ \frac{\pi }{2}& when k=2,4,6,...\end{array}\right. \end{gathered}$$

f(x)is increasing on the interval $\left[2k+1,2k+3\right]$

and decreasing elsewhere.

Step 4. Verifying algebraic answers with graphs :