Q. 2 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

State the number of electrons that must be gained by atoms of each of the following to achieve a stable electron arrangement:

a. Cl      b. Se      c. N      d. I      e. S

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

a. One valence electron is gained by Cl.

b. Two valence electron is gained by Se.

c. Three valence electron is gained by N.

d. One valence electron is gained by I.

e. One valence electron is gained by S.

Step 1: Introduction(part a)

The given is Cl.

We have to find the number of electrons gained by Cl.

Step 2: Explanation(part a)

Cl belongs to the $7A$ group. It gains one valence electron to create a$1-$charged ion and achieves noble gas Ar's stable electron state.

Step 3: Introduction(part b)

The given is Se.

We have to find the number of electrons gained by Se.

Step 4: Explanation(part b)

Se belongs to the $6A$ group. It gains two valence electrons to create a$2-$charged ion and achieves noble gas Krypton's  stable electron state.

Step 5: Introduction(part c)

The given is N.

We have to find the number of electrons gained by N.

Step 6: Explanation(part c)

N belongs to the $5A$ group. It gains three valence electrons to create a $3$-charged ion and achieves noble gas Neon's stable electron state.

Step 7: Introduction(part d)

The given is I.

We have to find the number of electrons gained by I.

Step 8: Explanation(part d)

I belongs to the $7A$group. It gains one valence electron to create a $1-$charged ion and achieves noble gas Xenon's  stable electron state.

Step 9: Explanation(part e)

The given is S.

We have to find the number of electrons gained by S.

Step 10: Explanation(part e)

S belongs to the $6A$group. It gains two valence electrons to create a $2-$charged ion and achieves noble gas Argon's  stable electron state.