Q. 17.69 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Why are $E.$ coli bacteria used in recombinant DNA procedures? 

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Bacteria are employed as models in recombinant DNA technology for a variety of reasons, including their ease of growth and manipulation, fast cell division, and ability to select and screen transformants.

Step 1: Given Information

We need to explain reason for use of $E.$ coli bacteria in recombinant DNA procedures

Step 2: Explanation

Reasons for use of $E.$ coli in recombinant DNA procedures are:

1. The genome of E. coli has been extensively explored and is rather straightforward. It only has 4,400 genes. It also remains haploid throughout its lifespan. As a result, protein engineering in E. coli is simple due to the presence of a single gene copy that may be concealed by site-directed mutagenesis.
2. E. coli has a rapid growth rate. Within 20 minutes, it duplicates fast. As a result, obtaining the log phase is simple (mid-way to maximum density).
3. With proper cleanliness, many E. coli strains are safe to handle.
4. E. coli makes the creation of competent cells and the transformation of recombinant molecules simple.