Q. 16.74 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Indicate whether each of the following would be a substrate (S) or an enzyme (E): (16.4)

a. glucose

b. hydrolase

c. maleate isomerase

d. alanine

e. amylose

f. lactase

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(Part a) As a result, glucose is a substrate.

(Part b) Hydrolase is a type of enzyme. As a result, nydrolase is an enzyme.

(Part c) As a result, maleate isomerase is an enzyme.

(Part d) As a result, alanine is a substrate.

(Part e) As a result, amylose is a substrate.

(Part f)  Lactase is thus an enzyme. 

Step 1: Introduction (Part a)

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the substrate (S) is the molecule that reacts in the active site.

A substance that catalyses biological reactions is known as an enzyme (E).

Step 2: Given information (Part a)

The following would be a substrate (S) or an enzyme (E):  glucose

Step 3: Explanation (Part a)

• Glucose is oxidised in the presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase to produce gluconolactone.
• The following is the reaction:
• Glucose $+{\mathrm{O}}_2⟶{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2+\delta$-gluconolactone
• As a result, glucose is a substrate.

Step 4: Given information (Part b)

Substrate (S) or an enzyme (E): hydrolase

Step 5: Explanation (Part b)

• Hydrolase is the enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a chemical bond.
• Follows can be used to represent the reaction.
• $\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\stackrel{\text{ Gentaluse }}{⟶}\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{H}$
  
• Hydrolase is a type of enzyme. As a result, nydrolase is an enzyme.

Step 6:Given information (Part c)

Maleate isomerase substrate

Step 7: Explanation (Part c)

• Maleate isomerase is an enzyme that catalyses a wide range of chemical reactions. It catalyses the reaction of fumarate formation from maleate.
• As a result, maleate isomerase is an enzyme.

Step 8: Given information (Part d)

Alanine would be substrate

Step 9: Explanation (Part d)

• L-alanine is a reactant that converts glyoxylate to pyruvate.
• The reaction is depicted below
• L-alanine $+$ glyoxylate $\stackrel{\text{ womier-gtanglae marominse }}{\rightleftarrows }$ pyruvate $+$ glycine
• As a result, alanine is a substrate.

Step 10: Given information (Part e)

Amylose substrate an enzyme

Step 11: Explanation (Part e)

• Amylose is a crystalline form of starch composed of an unbranched polysaccharide chain. It is composed of glucose molecules.
• An enzyme converts the starch molecule into maltotriose and maltose.-amylase.
• As a result, amylose is a substrate.

Step 12: Given information (Part f)

Lactase substrate of enyzyme

Step 13: Explanation (Part f)

(f) 

• Lactase is the enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose. The enzyme is required for the hydrolysis of lactose in milk.
• Lactase is thus an enzyme.