Q. 15.29 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:

a. the reaction of palm oil with $KOH.$

b. the reaction of glyceryl trilinoleate from safflower oil with water and $HCl$.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Part (a) The reaction of palm oil with $KOH$ is called as Hydrogenation.

Part (b) The reaction of safflower oil glyceryl trilinoleate with water and $HCl$ results in the formation of saturated fat.

Step 1: Information.

The chemical reaction that happens when molecular hydrogen $\left(H_2\right)$ reacts with another compound or element, usually in the presence of catalysts such as nickel, palladium, or platinum, is known as hydrogenation.

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that occurs when chemicals interact with water, resulting in the decomposition of either the substance and the water.

Saponification is the process by which a metallic salt of a fatty acid is formed.

Part (a) Step2: Given Information

The reaction of palm oil with $KOH.$

To find the process.

Part (a) Step 3: Explanation

The inclusion of hydrogen molecules all over multiple carbon-carbon bonds is known as hydrogenation. As a result, the final products are saturated fats.

During this time, a double bonds are transformed into single bonds, and the melting point gradually rises.

Part (b) Step 4: Given Information

The reaction of glyceryl trilinoleate from safflower oil with water and $HCl.$

To find the process.

Part (b) Step 5: Explanation

Saturated fat is produced when fats including such glyceryl tripalmitoleate react with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst (all single bonds).