Q. 14.62 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

 Condense the structural or line-angle formulas for the following products: 

a)

         

b)

                 

c)

           

d)

                   

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Part a) 

             

Part b)

               

Part c)

                 

Part d)

             

step-1 Introduction (Part a)

• Carboxylic acids are weak acids that neutralize bases by producing hydronium ions in water. 
• The carbon atom of a carbonyl group is bonded to a hydroxyl group to generate a carboxyl group in carboxylic acids. 
• An alkyl or aromatic group might bind to the carboxyl functional group.

• When carboxylic acids react with strong bases like  NaOH  and  KOH  to form carboxylate salts, they are totally neutralized. 
• By substituting the ic acid (at the end) with ate, the carboxylate ion is called.

step-2 given information (part-a)

 Sodium ethanoate is the carboxylate salt formed when ethanoic acid interacts with NaOH .

step-3 Explanation (part-a)

         

step-4 given information (part-b)

A hydrogen ion is delivered to a water molecule when carboxylic acid combines with it, forming carboxylate ion and hydronium ion.$\left({\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\right)$.

step-5 Explanation(part-b)

•  2-methylpropanoic acid combines with water to generate the 2-methylpropanoate ion in this reaction. 
• The line-angle formula for the reaction's products is

                

step-6 given information (part-c)

  

• Esterification is a reaction in which a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to generate esters in the presence of an acid catalyst. 
• The $-\mathrm{OH}$ group of the acids and the $-\mathrm{H}$ group of the alcohols mix and are eliminated as a water molecule in this process.

Step-7 Explanation (part-c)

• In this reaction, 2 -methylpropanoic acid is esterified with methanol to produce methyl 2 -methylpropanoate. 
• The products of the reaction have the following condensed structural formula:

           

  

step-8 given information (part-d)

• Amides are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine substituent. 
• In the process of ammidation, a carboxylic acid reacts with a substrate to produce amide. 
• The amide is formed when a water molecule is removed from the process and the carboxylic acid and amine molecules join.

step-9 Explanation (part-d)

• In this mechanism, aniline combines with methanoic acid to form N-anilinemethanamide.
• The condensed structural formula for the reaction's products is as follows: