Q. 14.58 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, for each of the following: $(14.1,14.3)$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Part a) Because the given structure has 5 carbon atoms and a methyl group attached to 4 carbon atoms, its IUPAC name is 4 -methyipentanoic acid.

Part b) The given structure has two -Cl groups attached at

$3^{\text{rd }}$carbon and $5^{\text{th }}$ 

The carbon in benzoic acid. 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid is the IUPAC and common name for the given structure.

Part c) The given structure's IUPAC and common name is methyl benzoate.

Part d) In the given structure, the carboxylic acid's -H is replaced by a methyl group. The given ester's IUPAC name is methyl butanoate.

Step 1: Given information (Part a)

That are given sentences are: 

Carboxylic acids are weak acids and they produce hydronium ions

Step 2: Explanation (Part a)

Carboxylic acids are weak acids that produce hydronium ions and neutralise bases in water. The carbon atom of a carbonyl group is attached to a hydroxyl group to form a carboxyl group in carboxylic acids. The carboxyl functional group can bond to either an alkyl or an aromatic group.

Step 3: Given information (Part a)

That are given functional group are : (a)

The IUPAC name of the structure is 4 -methyIpentanoic acid.

Step 4: Explanation (a)

Because the given structure has 5 carbon atoms and a methyl group attached to 4 carbon atoms, the IUPAC name is 4 -methylpentanoic acid.

Step 5: Given information

That are given functional group are : (b)

The IUPAC name and common name of the given structure is 3,5 -dichlorobenzoic acid

Step 6: Explanation (b)

In the given structure two $-\mathrm{Cl}$ groups are attached at $3^{\text{rd }}$ carbon and $5^{\text{th }}$ carbon of the benzoic acid. The IUPAC name and common name of the given structure is 3,5 -dichlorobenzoic acid

Step 7: Given information

That are given functional group are : (c)

The IUPAC and common name of the given structure is methyl benzoate.

Step 8: Explanation (c)

The IUPAC and common name of the given structure is methyl benzoate.

Step 9: Given information

That are given functional group are :  (d)

The IUPAC name of the given ester is methyl butanoate

Step 10: Explanation (d)

In the given structure the$-\mathrm{H}$ of the carboxylic acid is replaced by methyl group. The IUPAC name of the given ester is methyl butanoate.

Step 11: Given information

That are given functional group are : (e)

The IUPAC name of the given ester is ethyl pentanoate.

Step 12: Explanation (e)

In the given structure the$-\mathrm{H}$ of the carboxylic acid is replaced by ethyI group. The IUPAC name of the given ester is ethyl pentanoate.