Q. 10.82 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Identify each of the following as an acid, base, or salt, and give its name: (10.1)

a. ${\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{PO}}_4$

b.$MgBr$?

c. ${\mathrm{NH}}_3$

d. ${\mathrm{HClO}}_2$

e.$\mathrm{NaCl}$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Part a)As a result,${\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{PO}}_4$ is an acid known as phosphoric acid.

Part b)As a result, ${\mathrm{MgBr}}_2$is a salt known as magnesium bromide.

Part c)As a result, is a base,${\mathrm{NH}}_3$It is also known as ammonia..

Part d)As a result,${\mathrm{HClO}}_2$ is an acid known as chorus acid.

Part e)As a result,$NaCl$ is a salt known as sodium chloride.

Step 1:Given data

 To find ${\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{PO}}_4$as an acid, base, or salt, and give its name

Step 2:Explanation(part a)

(a) The reaction of ${\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{PO}}_4$with water is represented as follows:

$\begin{array}{cccc}{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{PO}}_4\left(aq\right)+3{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)& \rightleftarrows {\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-}\left(aq\right)& +3{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)& \\ \text{ Phosphoric }& \text{ Water }& \text{ Phosphate }& \text{ Hydronium }\\ \text{ acid }& \text{ ion }& \text{ ion }& \end{array}$

According to the Arrhenius theory, an acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$in an aqueous solution. However, a bare proton $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$does not exist in water; it immediately combines with water to form a hydronium ion$\left({\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\right)$.

As a result,${\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{PO}}_4$ is an acid known as phosphoric acid.

Step 3:Given data

 To find ${\mathrm{MgBr}}_2$ as an acid, base, or salt, and name it

Step 4:Explanation(part b)

(b)${\mathrm{MgBr}}_2$When dissolved  in water, it dissociates into its constituent ions, as shown below:

$\begin{array}{ccl}{\mathrm{MgBr}}_2\left(s\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{⟶}{\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}\left(aq\right)& +2{\mathrm{Br}}^{-}\left(aq\right)& \\ \text{ Magnesium }& \text{ Magnesium }& \text{ Bromide }\\ \text{ bromide }& \text{ ion }& \text{ ion }\end{array}$

According to the Arrhenius theory, an acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$in an aqueous solution, and A base is a substance that generates metal ions as well as hydroxide ions.$\left({\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right)$dissolved in water

${\mathrm{MgBr}}_2$ dissociates into its ions in water, however, it does not produce hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions .As a result,${\mathrm{MgBr}}_2$ is a salt known as magnesium bromide.

Step 5:Given data

 To find ${\mathrm{NH}}_3$as an acid, base, or salt, and give its name 

Step 6:Explanation(part c)

(c) The reaction of ${\mathrm{NH}}_3$ with water can be represented as follows:

${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(g\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftarrows {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Ammonia Water Ammonium Hydroxide ion ion

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a A proton is a base.$\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$acceptor. ${\mathrm{NH}}_3$accepts and converts a proton from water ${{\mathrm{NH}}_4}^{+}$ion. As a result, ${\mathrm{NH}}_3$is a base, and it is known as ammonia.

Ste 7:Given data

 To find ${\mathrm{HClO}}_2$as an acid, base, or salt, and give its name 

Step 8:Explanation(part d)

(d) The reaction of${\mathrm{HClO}}_2$ with water is represented as follows:

$\begin{array}{r}{\mathrm{HClO}}_2\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftarrows {\mathrm{ClO}}_2^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)\\ \begin{array}{cccc}\text{ Chlorous }& \text{ Water }& \text{ Chlorite }& \text{ Hydronium }\\ \text{ acid }& \text{ ion }& \text{ ion }& \end{array}\end{array}$

According to the Arrhenius theory, an acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$in an aqueous solution. However, a bare proton $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$does not exist in water; it immediately combines with water to form a hydronium ion $\left({\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\right)$

As a result,${\mathrm{HClO}}_2$ is an acid known as chorus acid.

Step 9:Given data

 To find $\mathrm{NaCl}$as an acid, base, or salt, and give its name 

Step 10: N a C l dissolved in water(part e)

(e) When $\mathrm{NaCl}$ is dispersed in water , it dissociates into its ions as shown below:

$\mathrm{NaCl}\left(s\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{⟶}{\mathrm{Na}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Chloride of sodium Ion sodium Ion chloride

According to the Arrhenius theory, an acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$in an aqueous solution, and a base is a substance that produces a metal ion and  Ions of hydroxide$\left({\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right)$in the presence of water

$\mathrm{NaCl}$dissociates into its ions in water; however, it does not produce hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions.As a result,$NaCl$ is a salt known as sodium chloride. .