Problem 91 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

Peat used in transshipment is a product obtained by (a) Liverworts (b) Phaeophyceae (c) Mosses (d) None of these

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct option is 'Mosses'.

Step 1: Understand the options

First, understand the various options given: Liverworts, Phaeophyceae, Mosses and None of these.

Step 2: Identify the source of Peat

Next, identify the correct plant contributor. Peat is predominantly formed from the decay of Mosses, especially sphagnum moss.

Step 3: Choose the correct answer

Based on the information gathered, the source of Peat as used in transshipments is 'Mosses' since they decay to form Peat. Hence, the correct choice is 'Mosses'.

Key Concepts

Mosses

Mosses are simple, small, non-vascular plants that belong to the Bryophyta division. Unlike other plants, mosses do not have a sophisticated system for conducting water and nutrients. Instead, they absorb water and nutrients directly through their leaves. This unique ability allows them to survive in diverse environments, from damp forests to the surfaces of rocks.

A key species of moss, known as Sphagnum moss, plays a pivotal role in peat formation. Sphagnum moss can absorb a large amount of water, creating a waterlogged environment conducive to the formation of peat. Peat forms when this moss partially decomposes under low-oxygen conditions. The remarkable aspect is the preservation of organic material within mosses, which accumulates over time and turns into peat. This process is crucial due to the acidity and antibacterial properties of Sphagnum moss, which slow down decay in peatlands.

Liverworts

Liverworts are another group of bryophytes, similar to mosses, but they belong to the Marchantiophyta division. They are often found in moist, shaded areas, such as the forest floors or near streams. Liverworts can either be leafy like mosses or take the form of flat, green, ribbon-like structures.

Unlike mosses, liverworts primarily contribute to soil stability and moisture retention rather than peat formation. Liverworts have limited capacity to decay under the low-oxygen conditions required for substantial peat formation. Consequently, while they share environments with peat-forming mosses, liverworts themselves do not contribute significantly to peat deposits. Instead, they are important in their own right for soil ecology, contributing to the regulation of water and nutrient cycles.

Plant Decay

Plant decay is a natural process where plant matter breaks down into simpler compounds. It involves the breakdown of dead plant tissues by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.

The conditions under which plants decay can vary greatly, affecting the end product. In waterlogged and low-oxygen environments, plant decay occurs slowly, which is why peat can form from mosses. The slow breakdown allows for the accumulation of organic material, as seen in peatlands.

Factors influencing plant decay include:

• Oxygen availability: Less oxygen slows decay.
• Moisture levels: Higher moisture can either slow or facilitate decay, depending on the presence of microorganisms.
• Temperature: Generally, warmer temperatures accelerate decay.
• Acidity: High acidity can inhibit decay, preserving organic matter.

Understanding plant decay is crucial when studying ecological processes and the formation of natural resources like peat.