Problem 91 - Chemistry: The Central Science

Question

(a) List two experimental conditions under which gases deviate from ideal behavior. (b) List two reasons why the gases deviate from ideal behavior.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) Two experimental conditions that cause gases to deviate from ideal behavior are: 1. High pressure, and 2. Low temperature. (b) Two reasons for deviation in gas behavior are: 1. Particle volume, and 2. Intermolecular forces.

Step 1: (a) Two experimental conditions that cause deviation in gases

To answer this question, we can list two experimental conditions that typically cause gases to deviate from their ideal behavior: 1. High pressure: Under high pressure conditions, gas particles are forced to occupy a smaller volume, which increases particle interactions and can cause deviations from the ideal gas behavior. 2. Low temperature: At low temperatures, the kinetic energy of gas particles decreases, leading to increased attractive forces between them and causing deviations from the ideal gas behavior.

Step 2: (b) Two reasons for deviation in gas behavior

Now, let's explain the two reasons why gases deviate from their ideal behavior: 1. Particle volume: In an ideal gas, it is assumed that the volume of individual gas particles is negligible compared to the volume of the container holding the gas. However, in real gases, particles have a finite volume, which becomes significant under high pressure or low temperature conditions. This causes deviations from the ideal gas behavior. 2. Intermolecular forces: Ideal gas behavior assumes that there are no attractive or repulsive forces between gas particles. However, in real gases, intermolecular forces do exist, and their effects become more prominent under high pressure or low temperature conditions, causing deviations from ideal gas behavior.