Problem 89 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Which of the following are correct? 1 acetyl salicyclic is acid is known as aspirin 2 the compound formed in the addition of oxygen to hacmoglobin is called oxy haemoglobin 3 chlorophyll is responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates in plants 4 the metal ion present in vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{12}\) is \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) (a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 2,3 and 4 (c) 1,2 and 4 (d) 2 and 3 only

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct option is (a) 1, 2, and 3.

Step 1: Analyze Statement 1

Statement 1 asserts that acetylsalicylic acid is known as aspirin. Acetylsalicylic acid is indeed the chemical name for aspirin, a common medication used to reduce pain, fever, or inflammation. Therefore, this statement is correct.

Step 2: Analyze Statement 2

Statement 2 claims that the compound formed by the addition of oxygen to hemoglobin is called oxyhaemoglobin. This is true, as when hemoglobin binds with oxygen, it forms oxyhemoglobin during oxygen transport in the blood. Hence, this statement is correct.

Step 3: Analyze Statement 3

Statement 3 suggests that chlorophyll is responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates in plants. Chlorophyll enables photosynthesis by capturing light energy, leading to the synthesis of carbohydrates. Therefore, this statement is correct.

Step 4: Analyze Statement 4

Statement 4 states that the metal ion present in vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{12}\) is \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\). This is incorrect, as the metal ion present in vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{12}\) is actually cobalt, not magnesium. Consequently, this statement is incorrect.

Step 5: Determine Correct Options

Review the correctness of each statement. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct, while statement 4 is incorrect. Thus, the correct set of statements is 1, 2, and 3, leading to option (a) as the correct choice.

Key Concepts

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds. Most of these compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. One prominent example of an organic compound is acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin.

Aspirin is regularly used for pain relief and reducing inflammation. It has its roots in organic chemistry due to its carbon-based structure. By understanding the molecular makeup and chemical interactions of aspirin, organic chemistry helps pharmacologists design and enhance therapeutic agents. Its chemical structure involves ester groups, and the knowledge of these functional groups is crucial in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical development.

Key topics in organic chemistry include:

• Structural analysis of molecules
• Reactivity and mechanisms of organic reactions
• Synthesis and properties of organic compounds

Biochemistry

Biochemistry explores the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. Hemoglobin, an essential protein in our blood, serves as a classic example of biochemistry in action. Hemoglobin's role is to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues. When hemoglobin binds with oxygen, it becomes oxyhemoglobin, facilitating oxygen distribution throughout the body.

Biochemistry is pivotal in understanding the mechanisms that keep living organisms functioning and healthy. Through the study of proteins, enzymes, and biochemical pathways, it provides insights into how cells communicate and how metabolic processes, such as oxygen transport, occur.

Some central concepts in biochemistry include:

• Structure and function of biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids
• Enzyme activities and roles in metabolism
• Pathways of energy transformation in living organisms

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with carbon dioxide and water. In this process, chlorophyll plays a vital role. This green pigment absorbs light energy, which triggers the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Photosynthesis is fundamental to life on Earth as it is the primary source of organic matter for nearly all organisms, and it is the basis for the food chain. Moreover, it's responsible for producing the oxygen that makes up a significant portion of our atmosphere.

Essential points about photosynthesis include:

• The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy
• The production of carbohydrates, such as glucose, from carbon dioxide and water
• The role of chlorophyll and other pigments in capturing light energy

Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic chemistry involves the study of inorganic compounds, which often do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, unlike organic compounds. It includes elements and compounds like metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds.

In the context of vitamin B12, inorganic chemistry allows us to study the importance of metal ions in biological systems. Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, contains a cobalt ion at its core, a unique feature that differs from the more common magnesium ion seen in many other biological compounds.

Noteworthy aspects of inorganic chemistry:

• Chemistry of transition metals and coordination compounds
• Understanding mineral and metallurgical chemistry
• Study of catalysts, such as those involving metal ions like cobalt in vitamin B12