Problem 89 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Which is correct about Gutta parcha rubber? (1) a very hard material (2) a synthetic polymer (3) a trans 1,4 -polyisoprene polymer (a) 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.

Step 1: Understand what Gutta Percha is

Gutta percha is a natural polymer derived from the latex of certain trees, specifically the Palaquium genus. It is a form of polyisoprene, similar to natural rubber but with different properties.

Step 2: Examine statement 1

Evaluate if gutta percha is a very hard material. Gutta percha is known for its toughness and rigidity when compared to natural rubber, which is more elastic and flexible. Thus, statement 1 is true as gutta percha is considered hard.

Step 3: Examine statement 2

Evaluate if gutta percha is a synthetic polymer. Gutta percha is a natural product and not man-made or synthetic, therefore statement 2 is false.

Step 4: Examine statement 3

Evaluate if gutta percha is a trans 1,4-polyisoprene polymer. Gutta percha consists of trans-1,4-polyisoprene chains, differing from natural rubber, which is cis-1,4-polyisoprene. Therefore, statement 3 is correct.

Step 5: Determine correct options

Based on the analysis, statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect as gutta percha is not synthetic. Therefore, the correct option must cover statements 1 and 3.

Key Concepts

Natural Polymer

Gutta Percha is a natural polymer, meaning it is a material that occurs naturally and is not synthesized in a laboratory. These types of polymers are derived from plants, animals, or other natural sources. Gutta Percha, specifically, is obtained from the latex of certain trees belonging to the Palaquium genus.
This class of polymers showcases a diverse array of beneficial properties, often used in their raw form for numerous applications. By being inherently biodegradable, natural polymers like Gutta Percha are considered environmentally friendly options.

• Derived from natural sources like latex
• Biodegradable and eco-friendly
• Used in applications that utilize its unique properties

Understanding natural polymers helps in recognizing their importance in both modern and historical contexts.

Trans-1,4-Polyisoprene

Gutta Percha is composed of trans-1,4-polyisoprene, a specific form of the polymer polyisoprene. This structure arises from the arrangement of hydrogen and carbon atoms within the polymer chain.
While natural rubber consists of cis-1,4-polyisoprene, which makes it flexible and stretchy, gutta percha's trans-1,4-polyisoprene configuration gives it different physical characteristics. It provides a more rigid and tough material, making it ideal for uses requiring firm consistency, such as dental applications and historical maritime cables.
This distinction between trans and cis configurations is crucial in determining the usability of the polymer in various industrial sectors.

• Trans-1,4-polyisoprene offers rigidity and toughness
• Contrasts with the flexible nature of cis-1,4-polyisoprene
• Influences its application in different fields

Properties of Polymers

Polymers such as Gutta Percha have properties that are dictated by their molecular structure and arrangement. Key attributes include their degree of strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear and tear.
Gutta Percha is notably hard and strong due to its trans-1,4-polyisoprene structure. This makes it suited for applications requiring durability, as opposed to the stretchier nature of natural rubber with cis-1,4-polyisoprene.
Understanding these properties allows industries to choose the right type of polymer for specific needs. The differences in properties due to variations in polymer chains help explain why certain polymers are preferred in particular applications.

• Polymers can vary significantly in strength and flexibility
• Molecular structure influences these properties
• Selection of polymers is application-specific

By understanding the properties of various polymers, you can better grasp how materials are chosen for specific purposes.