Problem 89 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Which is correct about Gutta parcha rubber? (1) a very hard material (2) a synthetic polymer (3) a trans 1,4 -polyisoprene polymer (a) 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Option (b) 3 only is correct.

Step 1: Understand the Question

The question asks about the properties and classification of Gutta percha rubber and whether the given statements are true or false for Gutta percha.

Step 2: Analyze Statement 1

Evaluate if Gutta percha rubber is a very hard material. Gutta percha is indeed considered tough and is used in applications that require insulation or as a dental filling, but to classify it definitively as very hard is not entirely correct. This makes statement 1 somewhat ambiguous.

Step 3: Analyze Statement 2

Determine if Gutta percha is a synthetic polymer. Gutta percha is not synthetic; it is a naturally occurring latex produced from the sap of certain trees. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Step 4: Analyze Statement 3

Verify if Gutta percha is a trans 1,4-polyisoprene polymer. Gutta percha is indeed a trans 1,4-polyisoprene, distinguishing it from natural rubber, which is a cis 1,4-polyisoprene.

Step 5: Conclusion and Answer

Based on the analysis, only statement 3 is correct. This aligns with option (b).

Key Concepts

Trans 1,4-Polyisoprene

Trans 1,4-polyisoprene is a type of polymer predominantly found in Gutta percha. Polymers are large molecules made of repeating subunits. In the case of 1,4-polyisoprene, the subunits are isoprene molecules. The monomer units in Gutta percha are linked in a specific trans arrangement. This arrangement affects how the polymer chains pack together and interact, giving rise to unique material properties.

In contrast, natural rubber is made from cis 1,4-polyisoprene. The difference in the "cis" and "trans" configurations influences the elasticity and flexibility of the materials. Gutta percha tends to be more rigid due to its trans configuration. Understanding this molecular structure is crucial since it affects the material's characteristic strength and toughness.

• Trans configuration leads to a more crystalline structure.
• Crystalline structures typically result in harder and less flexible materials.

This characteristic makes Gutta percha suitable for specific applications where sturdiness is required, such as dental applications.

Natural Polymers

Gutta percha is a perfect example of a natural polymer, as it is derived from the milky latex of a tree found in Southeast Asia. Natural polymers are not human-made, unlike synthetic polymers that are manufactured through chemical processes.

Natural polymers are found in various forms in nature. They can be proteins, carbohydrates, or rubber-like substances such as Gutta percha. They often have complex structures and extraordinary properties that can fulfill numerous functions in nature. They are also biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly, which is an essential consideration in today's sustainability-focused world.

• Natural polymers can be harvested sustainably from plants and trees.
• They play a role in traditional medicine and industry due to their versatile properties.

The ecological balance they maintain due to their biodegradability is one of their significant advantages over many synthetic alternatives.

Material Properties Analysis

Material properties analysis involves assessing the structure and behavior of materials under various conditions to understand their potential applications better. When analyzing Gutta percha, its distinguishing feature is its toughness and slight elasticity.

This analysis includes understanding how the trans 1,4-polyisoprene configuration contributes to its structural integrity. The material does not easily deform under stress, which makes it suitable for applications that require a stable and rigid form. Furthermore, its insulating properties have made it a valuable material in historical maritime communications, being used as an insulator for underwater cables.

• Its toughness makes it ideal for use in precision applications like dentistry.
• Its unique configuration offers high resilience against environmental factors.

Evaluating these properties allows industries to optimize Gutta percha for specific uses, ensuring effectiveness and longevity in practical applications.