Problem 87 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

Female sex organ of bryophyte is called (a) Nucleus (b) Ovary (c) Oogonia (d) Archegonium

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The female sex organ of a bryophyte is called an 'Archegonium'.

Step 1: Understanding Terminology

Understand that the question relates to the bryophytes (a group of plants) reproduction organ. Among the options given (Nucleus, Ovary, Oogonia, and Archegonium), one needs to identify which term is referred to as the female sex organ in bryophytes.

Step 2: Knowledge in Plant Reproduction

Recall or research plant reproductive systems. Bryophytes, unlike other plants, have simple reproductive structure. Among the options, only 'Archegonium' is recognized as the female sex organ in bryophytes.

Step 3: Selection of the Correct Answer

Based on your knowledge of bryophytes and their reproductive structures, select 'Archegonium' as the correct answer since it serves as the female sex organ for this type of plant.

Key Concepts

Female Sex Organ in Bryophytes

In bryophytes, which include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, the female sex organ is crucial for reproduction. Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that rely on water to help with the reproduction process. The female sex organ present in bryophytes is specifically called the "archegonium." This organ houses the egg cell and is where fertilization takes place.

Unlike higher plants, bryophytes do not have complex reproductive structures. They rely on a simple yet effective method to reproduce. The archegonium has a unique structure called the "venter," which encloses the egg cell, protecting it until fertilization occurs.

• Relies on water to mediate fertilization.
• Simple structure, suitable for their non-vascular nature.
• Contains the egg cell vital for reproduction.

Plant Reproductive Systems

Plant reproductive systems are diverse, and they vary significantly between plant groups. These systems are specialized organs or structures that enable plants to reproduce and produce offspring.

Bryophytes are among the simpler plant types concerning reproductive systems. They possess structures suited to their needs and environment. Generally, most plants can reproduce sexually or asexually. However, in bryophytes, sexual reproduction is prominent with the use of male and female sex organs, notably the antheridia (male) and archegonia (female).

• Bryophytes rely on water for sexual reproduction.
• The alternation of generations is essential for life cycles in bryophytes.
• Simplified structures adapt to their environment and needs.

Archegonium in Bryophytes

The archegonium is a specialized structure in bryophytes that serves as the female sex organ. It is notable for its bottle-like shape, which is a distinguishing feature among the various plant reproductive systems.

The archegonium consists of a swollen base called the venter, where the egg resides, and an elongated neck through which sperm must travel to fertilize the egg. Once fertilization occurs, the zygote forms within the shelter of the archegonium, eventually developing into a new sporophyte.

• Protects and nourishes the developing embryo.
• Has a distinct structure adapted for bryophyte needs.
• Key player in the sexual reproduction of bryophytes.