Problem 82 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

The drug used for treatment of typhoid is (a) quinine (b) chloromycetin (c) novalgin (d) paracetamol

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The drug used for treatment of typhoid is chloromycetin.

Step 1: Understand the Question

We need to identify which drug is used specifically for the treatment of typhoid fever. Typhoid is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi.

Step 2: Analyze Each Option

Consider the uses of each drug: - Quinine: Primarily used to treat malaria. - Chloromycetin: An antibiotic used to treat several serious bacterial infections including typhoid. - Novalgin: A pain reliever and antipyretic, not specifically used for typhoid. - Paracetamol: Commonly used to reduce fever and pain, but not specific to typhoid treatment.

Step 3: Identify the Correct Drug

Based on the analysis, chloromycetin is an antibiotic effective against typhoid fever, making it the correct answer for this question.

Key Concepts

Typhoid Treatment

Typhoid treatment primarily involves antibiotics as the disease is caused by a bacterial infection. The main goal of typhoid treatment is to eliminate the Salmonella typhi bacteria from the body, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment can significantly reduce mortality rates.
Ensuring full recovery involves:

• Accurate diagnosis through blood tests that identify the presence of Salmonella typhi.
• Antibiotic therapy tailored to target the specific strain of bacteria.
• Supportive care to manage symptoms like fever and dehydration through fluids and electrolyte solutions.

It's crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare provider to prevent the risk of relapse or developing antibiotic-resistant strains.

Salmonella typhi

Salmonella typhi is the bacterium responsible for causing typhoid fever. It is a highly infectious agent that primarily spreads through contaminated food and water. The bacteria thrive in environments lacking proper sanitation and can lead to outbreaks if not controlled.
Once inside the body, Salmonella typhi invades the intestinal wall and enters the bloodstream, causing systemic fever and other symptoms. The infection is characterized by prolonged fever, abdominal pain, and other gastrointestinal symptoms.
Preventing typhoid involves reducing exposure to the bacteria through public health measures such as:

• Improving sanitation and hygiene practices.
• Ensuring access to clean drinking water.
• Administering vaccines in high-risk areas or during outbreaks.

Bacterial Infection

A bacterial infection occurs when harmful bacteria invade the body and begin to multiply, causing disease and symptoms. In the context of typhoid fever, the bacteria Salmonella typhi is responsible for producing the characteristic high fever and abdominal pain.
Symptoms of bacterial infections can vary widely depending on the type of bacteria and the part of the body affected. For typhoid, symptoms generally include prolonged high fever, fatigue, and digestive disturbances.
Treating bacterial infections often involves the use of specific antibiotics that target the bacteria causing the illness. Proper and timely treatment is essential to prevent severe complications. Adhering to prescribed treatments and maintaining good hygiene can help manage and prevent bacterial infections from taking hold.

Chloromycetin

Chloromycetin, also known by its generic name chloramphenicol, is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of serious infections, including typhoid fever. Chloromycetin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, effectively stopping the growth of bacteria.
It is particularly effective against typhoid fever due to its ability to penetrate tissues and reach high concentrations in many different parts of the body. This property makes it an important tool in combating infections caused by secondary bacterial invasions.
Though effective, Chloromycetin must be used carefully due to potential side effects, including bone marrow suppression. Its usage is typically reserved for cases where other antibiotics may not be effective or for serious bacterial infections. It underlines the necessity for regulated and prescribed use of antibiotics in treating infections to avoid adverse effects and resistance.