Problem 72 - Chemistry: The Central Science

Question

Complete and balance the following equations: (a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow\) (b) \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow\) (c) \(\mathrm{CaO}(s)+\mathrm{C}(s) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CuO}(s)+\mathrm{CO}(g) \longrightarrow\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) \[\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}(aq)\] (b) \[\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s) + \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}^{+}(aq) + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\] (c) \[\mathrm{CaO}(s) + \mathrm{C}(s) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CaC}_{2}(s) + \mathrm{CO}(g)\] (d) \[\mathrm{C}(s) + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(g) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CO}(g) + \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\] (e) \[\mathrm{CuO}(s) + \mathrm{CO}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s) + \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\]

Step 1: (a) Identify the initial products and elements in the equation

For the equation \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow\), we can see that there are Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), and Hydrogen (H) elements involved in the reaction. Identify the initial count of each element on both sides of the equation.

Step 2: (a) Balance the chemical equation

By placing a coefficient of 2 in front of the \(\mathrm{OH}^-\) sign, we can balance the equation as follows: \[\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}(aq)\]

Step 3: (b) Identify the initial products and elements in the equation

For the equation \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow\), we have Sodium (Na), Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C), and Oxygen (O) elements involved in the reaction.

Step 4: (b) Balance the chemical equation

Balance the equation as follows: \[\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s) + \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}^{+}(aq) + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\]

Step 5: (c) Identify the initial products and elements in the equation

For the equation \(\mathrm{CaO}(s)+\mathrm{C}(s) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow}\), we have Calcium (Ca), Oxygen (O), and Carbon (C) elements involved in the reaction.

Step 6: (c) Balance the chemical equation

Balance the equation as follows: \[\mathrm{CaO}(s) + \mathrm{C}(s) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CaC}_{2}(s) + \mathrm{CO}(g)\]

Step 7: (d) Identify the initial products and elements in the equation

For the equation \(\mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow}\), we have Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) elements involved in the reaction.

Step 8: (d) Balance the chemical equation

Balance the equation as follows: \[\mathrm{C}(s) + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(g) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CO}(g) + \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\]

Step 9: (e) Identify the initial products and elements in the equation

For the equation \(\mathrm{CuO}(s)+\mathrm{CO}(g) \longrightarrow\), we have Copper (Cu), Oxygen (O), and Carbon (C) elements involved in the reaction.

Step 10: (e) Balance the chemical equation

Balance the equation as follows: \[\mathrm{CuO}(s) + \mathrm{CO}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s) + \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\]