Problem 7 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Which one of the following is a metalloid? (a) phosphorus (b) antimony (c) nitrogen (d) bismuth

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Antimony is the metalloid.

Step 1: Understand the Definition of a Metalloid

Metalloids are elements that have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals. Commonly recognized metalloids include boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium.

Step 2: Analyze the Given Options

The options provided are phosphorus, antimony, nitrogen, and bismuth. We need to find out which of these is categorized as a metalloid.

Step 3: Recall the Position in the Periodic Table

Metalloids are typically found in a diagonal line from boron to tellurium on the periodic table. Thus, recalling or examining the periodic table can help identify their positions and examine whether the elements in the given options fall within this category.

Step 4: Match the Element with Known Metalloids

Among the given options, antimony (Sb) is a known metalloid as it has properties of both metals and non-metals. The other elements (phosphorus, nitrogen, and bismuth) are classified differently.

Key Concepts

Periodic Table

The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of elements, showcasing their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It is a comprehensive tool for chemists to quickly discern the relationships and characteristics of elements. Each element is placed in a specific position which helps predict behaviors and chemical reactions.

• The table is organized in rows called periods and columns known as groups or families.
• Elements are placed in order of increasing atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in an atom.
• This arrangement highlights trends and patterns, such as metals on the left, non-metals on the right, and metalloids forming a line in between.

Recognizing these patterns is crucial, particularly when identifying the position of various categories, including metalloids. Metalloids, such as antimony, are positioned in a distinct diagonal line stretching from boron to tellurium within the periodic table.

Properties of Elements

The characteristics or properties of elements give insight into their chemical and physical behavior. Elements on the periodic table exhibit a fascinating array of properties based on their placement.

• Metals, usually found on the left side, conduct electricity and heat well, are shiny, and can be shaped easily.
• Non-metals, located on the right side, are generally poor conductors, brittle (when solid), and include gases like nitrogen.
• Metalloids, exemplified by antimony, demonstrate intermediate properties, making them useful in various applications like semiconductors.

These tantalizing properties make them suitable for diverse uses in tech and industry. It's important to understand these characteristics when classifying elements and predicting their applications in real-world scenarios.

Classification of Elements

The classification of elements into metals, non-metals, and metalloids helps in understanding and predicting their chemical behavior. Each category exhibits distinct characteristics and is grouped for practical and theoretical utility. Elements are broadly grouped into:

• Metals: Found mostly on the left side of the periodic table, known for metallic luster, malleability, and electrical conductivity.
• Non-metals: Located towards the right, lack metallic attributes, and often exist in gaseous forms at room temperature.
• Metalloids: Positioned diagonally from boron to tellurium, these elements blend properties from both metals and non-metals. A classic example is antimony, which exhibits mixed attributes such as shine like metals and brittleness like non-metals.

This framework of classification aids in categorizing elements, thus enabling predictions about their reactivity and compounds they may form. Understanding these categories facilitates deeper comprehension of the periodic table and the intrinsic properties of elements.