Problem 7 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

The biomolecule whose weight is less than dalton (Da) is referred to as biomicromolecule. (a) 800 (b) 18 (c) 1000 (d) 10,000

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(b) 18

Step 1: Identify the information given in the problem

We are given the definition of a biomicromolecule: it is any biomolecule whose weight is less than 800 Da. We are also given four options: (a) 800, (b) 18, (c) 1000, and (d) 10,000.

Step 2: Compare the given options with the definition

We compare each of the given weights with 800 Da: (a) 800 is equal to 800, not less; (b) 18 is less than 800; (c) 1000 is greater than 800; (d) 10,000 is also greater than 800.

Step 3: Select the correct answer

The only weight that is less than 800 Da is 18. Therefore, the correct answer is (b) 18.

Key Concepts

Biomolecules

Biomolecules are organic molecules that are fundamental components of living organisms. They are the building blocks of life, making up everything from cells and tissues to organs. These molecules play various crucial roles, each vital to maintaining the life and proper functioning of biological systems. Common types of biomolecules include:

• Proteins: They function as enzymes, structural supports, and play roles in cellular signaling.
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, carrying genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis.
• Carbohydrates: They provide energy and structural support.
• Lipids: Vital for energy storage and forming cellular membranes.

Biomolecules can vary greatly in size; some are quite large and complex, while others are smaller and simpler structures. Understanding biomolecules helps us comprehend biological processes and the underlying frameworks of living organisms. This knowledge is foundational for fields such as biochemistry and molecular biology.

Molecular Weight

Molecular weight, often referred to as molecular mass, is a measure of the total mass of all the atoms in a molecule. It is expressed in units called Daltons (Da) or unified atomic mass units (u). Molecular weight determines the behavior and function of a molecule within a biological context. Calculating molecular weight involves summing the atomic masses of all atoms present in the molecule.

• Knowing the molecular weight is crucial in identifying and characterizing molecules.
• It helps predict the molecule's role and function in biological systems.

Molecular weight is a central concept in chemistry and biology, as it impacts molecule interactions, the rate of physical and chemical reactions, and often dictates how molecules are separated by techniques such as chromatography.

Dalton

The Dalton, symbolized as Da, is a unit of measure used to express atomic and molecular weights. Named after the scientist John Dalton, it provides a standard unit for scientific measurement, facilitating the comparison of molecular weights among different molecules. One Dalton is equivalent to one atomic mass unit (amu), approximately equal to the mass of one hydrogen atom.

• The Dalton is widely used in biochemistry and molecular biology.
• It aids in understanding the size and mass of biomolecules relative to each other.

In biological terms, measurements in Daltons can reveal fascinating insights into biomicromolecules (those with molecular weights less than 800 Da), allowing scientists to analyze the dynamics and complexities of smaller biomolecules effectively. This unit is pivotal to precise scientific understanding and calculations in various biological research fields.