Problem 63 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

The following features belongs to A. Body consist of long, slender thread-like structures called hyphae. B. Cell wall consist of chitin. C. Cosmopolitan (a) Ciliated protozoans (b) Slime moulds (c) Fungi (d) Euglenoids

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Hence, the given features belong to (c) Fungi.

Step 1: Identification of Hyphae

Understand that Hyphae are long, thread-like structures typical to fungi. So from here it is clear that the features provided belong to fungi.

Step 2: Recognizing the Cell wall

Recognize that the cell wall of fungi is made of chitin, a type of carbohydrate molecule. This is another key characterstic that matches with fungi.

Step 3: Acknowledging the Distribution

Lastly, understand that when an organism is described as 'cosmopolitan', it means that the organism can be found all over the world. This applies to fungi again, as they can live in a wide variety of environments globally.

Key Concepts

Hyphae

Fungi have a unique structure made up of long, slender threads called hyphae. Think of hyphae as the building blocks of fungi. They are essential for growth and nutrient absorption. Each hypha is a tiny tube filled with cytoplasm and multiple nuclei, all encased by a strong cell wall. This structure allows fungi to spread across different surfaces.

Hyphae are important because:

• They increase the surface area, which helps in absorbing nutrients efficiently.
• When grouped together, they form a larger network called mycelium, which is visible and gives fungi their recognizable shape.

Chitin

Chitin is a crucial component of a fungus's cell wall. It’s a strong and flexible carbohydrate, very similar to cellulose found in plants. Chitin provides structural support and protection, allowing fungi to withstand different environmental conditions.

Here’s why chitin is fascinating:

• It's also found in the exoskeletons of insects, lobsters, and crabs, proving its remarkable strength and versatility.
• Chitin helps fungi survive in various habitats, from forest floors to deep sea environments, by protecting their cells from external pressures and chemical damage.

Cosmopolitan distribution

When we say an organism has a cosmopolitan distribution, it means it can be found in almost every part of the world. Fungi are one such organism, thriving in various habitats regardless of geographical boundaries. From the Arctic tundras to tropical rainforests, fungi can adapt to diverse environmental conditions.

Reasons why fungi have a cosmopolitan presence include:

• Their ability to decompose organic matter, making them crucial in nutrient cycling worldwide.
• The wide variety of reproductive strategies, which ensures their continuity and spread.
• Adaptability to different climates and ecosystems, making them resilient to changes.