Problem 58 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

The full form of PTH is (a) Parathyroid hormone (b) Prethyroid hormone (c) Prothyroid hormone (d) Pretectile hormone

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The full form of PTH is Parathyroid Hormone.

Step 1: Recall the full form of PTH

PTH stands for Parathyroid Hormone. So the correct answer is (a) Parathyroid Hormone.

Key Concepts

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and secrete hormones, which are chemicals that regulate the body’s growth, metabolism, and sexual development and function. Each gland within the endocrine system releases specific hormones directly into the bloodstream, affecting other parts of the body.

**Key Glands in the Endocrine System include:**

• Hypothalamus: Links the endocrine and nervous systems.
• Pituitary gland: Known as the "master gland," it controls other glands.
• Thyroid gland: Regulates metabolism.
• Parathyroid glands: Control calcium levels in the blood.
• Adrenal glands: Produce hormones like adrenaline.
• Pancreas: Regulates blood sugar levels with insulin and glucagon.
• Gonads (ovaries and testes): Release sex hormones necessary for reproduction.

In this intricate system, the parathyroid hormone, or PTH, comes from the parathyroid glands. These small glands are located in the neck, near the thyroid gland, and are crucial for maintaining vital calcium levels.

Hormones in Human Body

Hormones are chemical messengers synthesized by the glands of the endocrine system. They travel throughout the body and regulate various physiological functions by interacting with target organs or cells.

**Functions of Hormones include:**

• Regulating metabolism and energy balance.
• Controlling mood and stress responses.
• Managing reproductive processes.
• Overseeing growth and development.
• Modulating immune function.

Among these hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for bone health. It regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphate in the body, ensuring that these minerals are maintained at optimal levels for physiological processes.

Calcium Regulation

Calcium regulation is a fundamental process that ensures proper functioning of the body's critical systems. Calcium ions are vital for numerous bodily functions, including bone formation, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve signaling.

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the primary hormone responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. Its functions include:

• Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines.
• Reducing calcium loss in the urine.
• Stimulating the release of calcium from bones.

PTH ensures that a stable calcium level is maintained, as even minor fluctuations can lead to serious health issues. When blood calcium levels drop, PTH is released, thereby increasing the amount of calcium in the bloodstream. Conversely, when calcium levels are high, the secretion of PTH is reduced to maintain balance. This regulation is crucial for maintaining healthy bones and overall bodily function.