Problem 56
Question
What volume of 0.750 M hydrochloric acid solution can be prepared from the HCl produced by the reaction of 25.0 g of NaCl with excess sulfuric acid? \(\mathrm{NaCl}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(l) \rightarrow \mathrm{HCl}(g)+\mathrm{NaHSO}_{4}(s)\)
Step-by-Step Solution
Verified Answer
The volume of 0.750 M hydrochloric acid solution prepared is equal to the moles of NaCl divided by the molarity, which is 25.0 g / 58.44 g/mol / 0.750 M.
1Step 1: Calculate moles of NaCl
Use the molar mass of NaCl to convert the given mass of NaCl to moles. The molar mass of NaCl is approximately 58.44 g/mol. Moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl / molar mass of NaCl= 25.0 g / 58.44 g/mol
2Step 2: Determine moles of HCl produced
From the balanced chemical equation, the mole ratio of NaCl to HCl is 1:1. Therefore, the moles of HCl produced will be equal to the moles of NaCl.Moles of HCl = Moles of NaCl
3Step 3: Calculate the volume of HCl solution
Use the molarity formula to find the volume of the hydrochloric acid solution from the moles of HCl produced.Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution in litersRearrange the formula to solve for volume: Volume of solution in liters = Moles of solute / MolaritySubstitute the known values to obtain the volume of the 0.750 M HCl solution.
Key Concepts
StoichiometryChemical ReactionMolar Mass
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the mathematical relationship between the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It is based on the conservation of mass and the stoichiometric coefficients found in a balanced chemical equation. Each coefficient represents the number of moles of a given substance that participates in the reaction.
For instance, in the reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4), the stoichiometric coefficients indicate a 1:1 mole ratio between NaCl and HCl. This means that for every mole of NaCl that reacts, one mole of HCl is produced. Understanding this concept allows us to predict the amount of HCl formed from a given amount of NaCl. When performing stoichiometry calculations, it’s important to start with a balanced chemical equation and use mole ratios to relate quantities of reactants to products.
For instance, in the reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4), the stoichiometric coefficients indicate a 1:1 mole ratio between NaCl and HCl. This means that for every mole of NaCl that reacts, one mole of HCl is produced. Understanding this concept allows us to predict the amount of HCl formed from a given amount of NaCl. When performing stoichiometry calculations, it’s important to start with a balanced chemical equation and use mole ratios to relate quantities of reactants to products.
Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. The substances that undergo the transformation are called reactants, and the substances formed as a result are called products. Chemical reactions are often described by chemical equations that show the reactants on the left side and the products on the right, with an arrow pointing from reactants to products.
In our example, NaCl reacts with H2SO4 and yields HCl and NaHSO4. It's crucial to understand that the chemical equation must be balanced, which means the number of atoms for each element in the reactants must equal the number of atoms in the products. This is a reflection of the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. This balanced equation is the cornerstone for stoichiometry calculations, as it allows us to determine the mole ratio needed to calculate the volume of a particular solution.
In our example, NaCl reacts with H2SO4 and yields HCl and NaHSO4. It's crucial to understand that the chemical equation must be balanced, which means the number of atoms for each element in the reactants must equal the number of atoms in the products. This is a reflection of the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. This balanced equation is the cornerstone for stoichiometry calculations, as it allows us to determine the mole ratio needed to calculate the volume of a particular solution.
Molar Mass
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually measured in grams per mole (g/mol). It can be thought of as the bridge between the macroscopic world (grams, liters) and the microscopic world (molecules, atoms, moles). The molar mass allows us to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of moles, a fundamental step in stoichiometry calculations.
To find the molar mass of a compound, like sodium chloride (NaCl), sum up the atomic masses of all the atoms present in the molecule (found on the periodic table). For NaCl, we add the atomic mass of sodium (Na) to that of chlorine (Cl), resulting in approximately 58.44 g/mol. Knowing this value is crucial for solving stoichiometry problems, as it is used to convert the mass of NaCl into moles, which then allows for the determination of moles of other substances in the reaction, such as HCl. Accurately calculating molar masses is a fundamental skill for performing molarity calculations and other related stoichiometric analyses.
To find the molar mass of a compound, like sodium chloride (NaCl), sum up the atomic masses of all the atoms present in the molecule (found on the periodic table). For NaCl, we add the atomic mass of sodium (Na) to that of chlorine (Cl), resulting in approximately 58.44 g/mol. Knowing this value is crucial for solving stoichiometry problems, as it is used to convert the mass of NaCl into moles, which then allows for the determination of moles of other substances in the reaction, such as HCl. Accurately calculating molar masses is a fundamental skill for performing molarity calculations and other related stoichiometric analyses.
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