Problem 51 - 43 Years JEE ADVANCED (1978-2020) + JEE MAIN Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers Chemistry

Question

One of the constituent of German silver is (a) \(\mathrm{Ag}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cu}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Al}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct answer is (b) Cu.

Step 1: Understanding German Silver

German silver, also known as nickel silver, is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, nickel, and zinc. It does not contain silver (Ag) despite its name.

Step 2: Identifying the Elements in the Options

The provided options are (a) Ag, which is silver. (b) Cu, which is copper. (c) Mg, which is magnesium. (d) Al, which is aluminum.

Step 3: Matching German Silver Components to Options

From the constituent elements of German silver (copper, nickel, and zinc), we check which matches. In the options provided, copper (Cu) is a component of German silver.

Step 4: Determining the Correct Answer

Since copper is a recognized component of German silver, and option (b) corresponds to copper, option (b) is the correct choice.

Key Concepts

Copper in Alloys

Copper is a key metal used in various alloys. An alloy is a mixture of metals that yields properties superior to their individual components. Copper's inclusion in alloys significantly impacts its characteristics. For example:

• It improves electrical conductivity, making it valuable in electrical applications.
• Copper imparts a reddish-gold hue, influencing the aesthetic value of the alloy.
• It enhances corrosion resistance, protecting the metal from various environmental factors.

Including copper in alloys like bronze (copper and tin) and brass (copper and zinc) has revolutionized industries from construction to art. It's fascinating how copper's flexibility and conductivity make it indispensable in modern-day applications. Moreover, in German silver, it serves to partially dictate the alloy's final properties. Understanding these roles can help in comprehending why copper is so frequently chosen as a component in various metal mixtures.

Nickel Silver

Nickel silver, often confused with containing real silver, is an alloy composed of mainly copper, nickel, and zinc. Despite its name, it contains no elemental silver. Here's what makes nickel silver unique:

• Its silvery appearance: The addition of nickel gives the alloy an attractive luster similar to silver, making it popular for decorative items.
• Durability: With a hardness that can rival stainless steel, nickel silver is durable, useful in manufacturing cutlery, musical instruments, and marine hardware.
• Corrosion resistance: Although not as resistant as pure metals like gold, nickel silver has a respectable level of resistance to tarnishing and corrosion.

Nickel silver is loved for its aesthetic appeal and mechanical properties. While not a substitute for silver, its affordability and strength make it a preferred choice for non-precious metal applications.

Chemistry of Alloys

The chemistry of alloys deals with the mixture of metals, resulting in compounds or solutions that exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. Creating an alloy involves combining metals in specific proportions to enhance certain traits:

• Thermal resistance: Many alloys are crafted to withstand high temperatures without degrading.
• Improved strength: Alloys often surpass pure metals in terms of tensile strength and hardness.
• Modifiable melting points: By adjusting the proportions of its constituents, the melting point of an alloy can be tailored to specific needs.
• Aesthetic variety: Different combinations result in varied colors and finishes for decorative purposes.

Nickel silver is a prime example, where the mixture of copper, nickel, and zinc gives it unique qualities. The study of alloys is crucial in material science as it enables the customization of metal properties for myriad uses across industries. Recognizing the role of chemistry in alloy production assists in predicting changes in alloy behavior, ensuring they meet specific application needs.