Problem 51 - 43 Years JEE ADVANCED (1978-2020) + JEE MAIN Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers Chemistry

Question

Match the anionic species given in Column-I that are present in the ore(s) given in Column-II. [Adv. 2015] Column-I Column-II (A) Carbonate (p) Siderite (B) Sulphide (q) Malachite (C) Hydroxide (r) Bauxite (D) Oxide (s) Calamine (t) Argentite

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

A-p, B-t, C-r, D-s.

Step 1: Identify the Matching for Carbonate

In the list of ores in Column-II, identify which ore contains the carbonate ion. Siderite is iron carbonate \(\text{FeCO}_3\). Thus, the correct match for Carbonate (A) is Siderite (p).

Step 2: Identify the Matching for Sulphide

Scan through the list of ores to identify which one contains the sulfide ion. Argentite is a silver sulfide \(\text{Ag}_2\text{S}\). Therefore, Sulphide (B) matches with Argentite (t).

Step 3: Identify the Matching for Hydroxide

Find the ore with hydroxide ions. Bauxite \(\text{Al(OH)}_3\) is primarily aluminum oxide hydroxide. Therefore, Hydroxide (C) matches with Bauxite (r).

Step 4: Identify the Matching for Oxide

Determine which of the listed ores is an oxide. Calamine is a zinc oxide ore. Thus, the Oxide (D) matches with Calamine (s).

Key Concepts

Anionic Species

Anionic species are negatively charged ions. They form by gaining electrons, which leads to an overall negative charge. These species play a pivotal role in various chemical reactions, including those involved in ore processing. For instance, carbonates, sulfides, hydroxides, and oxides are examples of anionic species found in different ores.

• Carbonates: These include the carbonate ion \((\text{CO}_3^{2-})\), commonly found in minerals like siderite \(\text{FeCO}_3\).
• Sulfides: Sulfur atoms with a negative charge, like in argentite \(\text{Ag}_2\text{S}\).
• Hydroxides: Composed of the hydroxide ion \(\text{OH}^-\), a part of minerals like bauxite \(\text{Al(OH)}_3\).
• Oxides: Consist of oxygen anions \(\text{O}^{2-}\) found in ores such as calamine.

Anionic species are crucial in mineral identification and metallurgical processes, as they determine the type of chemical reactions possible during ore refinement.

Ore Identification

Ore identification is the process of determining and categorizing the various mineral contents of ores. This is a crucial step in metallurgical engineering, as different ores require different methods of extraction and processing. Identifying ores involves examining their anionic species, chemical composition, and physical properties.
For example, siderite contains carbonate ions, argentite has sulfide ions, bauxite is associated with hydroxide ions, and calamine is linked with oxide ions. Knowing these associations helps in:

• Predicting chemical behavior and reactions: Determining which substances will react with a given ore.
• Guiding extraction techniques: Choosing the right method for ore refinement, based on its chemical properties.
• Assessment of economic value: Estimating the worth of the ore by identifying its constituents.

Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on inorganic compounds, which are typically compounds that do not contain a carbon-hydrogen bond. This field includes the study of metals, minerals, and anionic species such as those found in ores. Understanding inorganic chemistry is vital for processes like ore identification and extraction.

• It helps in understanding the bonding, structure, and reactivity of mineral ores.
• In inorganic chemistry, the classification of species as ionic or covalent influences how they interact with each other.
• It is instrumental in developing the methods used to extract and process the diverse elements in ores.

Although more well-known for its role in developing industrial catalysts or materials, inorganic chemistry is crucial in resources extraction, especially concerning metallurgical applications.

Chemical Bonding

Chemical bonding refers to the attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical substances. Understanding the types of chemical bonds present in a compound helps chemists discern properties and predict reactions. There are several types of bonds relevant to ore chemistry:

• Ionic Bonds: Occur when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in positively and negatively charged ions. For example, the carbonate in siderite involves ionic bonding.
• Covalent Bonds: Involves sharing electrons between atoms. Sulfide ores, like argentite, can exhibit covalent characteristics in their internal sulfur-silver connections.
• Metallic Bonds: Involve the pooling of electrons shared among many atoms, which occurs in mostly pure metallic elements found in ore bodies.
• Hydrogen Bonds: While not as strong as ionic or covalent bonds, they are important in the hydration of hydroxide ores like bauxite.

Bonding types dictate the properties such as melting point, solubility, and hardness, impacting how ores are processed and refined.