Problem 5 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Which one of the following radioisotopes is used in the treatment of blood cancer? (a) \(\mathrm{Co}^{62}\) (b) \(\mathrm{P}^{32}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}^{24}\) (d) \(I^{131}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(b) \( \mathrm{P}^{32} \)

Step 1: Identify the Use of Each Radioisotope

First, understand the medical applications of each radioisotope listed.\( \mathrm{Co}^{62} \) is typically used in imaging techniques. \( \mathrm{Na}^{24} \) is used in studies of blood flow and certain types of metabolic studies. \( I^{131} \) is commonly used in the treatment of thyroid cancer, not blood cancer. \( \mathrm{P}^{32} \) is specifically used in the treatment of certain types of blood disorders and blood cancer.

Step 2: Recognize the Correct Radioisotope for Blood Cancer Treatment

After reviewing the medical uses, we see that \( \mathrm{P}^{32} \) is utilized in the treatment of blood disorders and certain types of blood cancers, such as leukemia.

Key Concepts

Blood Cancer Treatment

Blood cancer, which includes diseases like leukemia, is a condition where blood cells start to malfunction. These diseases can disrupt normal blood function and require effective treatment options.
One method of treatment is the use of radioisotopes. These radioactive elements deliver targeted radiation to cancer cells, helping to destroy or damage them so they can't grow or multiply. This approach can be very effective in managing some types of blood cancer.
Depending on the type and stage of the cancer, doctors may use radioisotopes either alone or in combination with other treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The goal is always to maximize the effectiveness of treatment while minimizing side effects for the patient.
It's a powerful tool, helping many patients achieve remission.

P-32 Radioisotope

The radioisotope P-32, also known as Phosphorus-32, is often used in medical treatments for blood cancers. It has proven beneficial in treating conditions such as polycythemia vera and leukemia, which are types of blood disorders and cancers.
P-32 works by integrating into the DNA of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells. By doing so, it emits beta particles, which are a type of radiation that damages cellular components, particularly in targeted cancerous cells.
This treatment is advantageous because it directly targets cancer cells while sparing much of the surrounding healthy tissue. Since P-32 releases radiation over a limited range, it is effective for localized areas within the body. Moreover, ease of administration and the potential for outpatient treatment also make P-32 an attractive option in blood cancer treatment protocols.

Medical Applications of Isotopes

Isotopes find numerous applications in medicine due to their unique properties. Among them, radioisotopes, which are isotopes with radioactive properties, play a crucial role. They are used in both diagnostic and therapeutic contexts.
In diagnosis, radioisotopes help in imaging techniques. For instance, gamma cameras can use isotopes like Technetium-99m to create detailed images of organs. This helps in accurately diagnosing conditions, guiding doctors in choosing therapies.
Therapeutically, isotopes like Iodine-131 treat thyroid diseases, while P-32 addresses blood cancers, showcasing their versatility and importance. Radioisotopes are chosen based on their half-lives and the type of radiation they emit, ensuring the treatment is both effective and safe for patients.
These applications underline the invaluable role isotopes play in advancing healthcare, offering targeted treatments with potentially lesser side effects than traditional methods.