Problem 5 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Which one of the following radioisotopes is used in the treatment of blood cancer? (a) \(\mathrm{Co}^{62}\) (b) \(\mathrm{P}^{32}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}^{24}\) (d) \(I^{131}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The radioisotope used in the treatment of blood cancer is ^{32}P.

Step 1: Identify the problem

We need to determine which radioisotope is commonly used in the treatment of blood cancer from the given options.

Step 2: Evaluate Option (a)

Option (a) is ^{62}Co. Cobalt-62 is not commonly used in the treatment of blood cancer. Its applications are generally not related to this field.

Step 3: Evaluate Option (b)

Option (b) is ^{32}P. Phosphorus-32 is a radioisotope that is indeed used in the treatment of blood cancer, specifically for polycythemia vera and other blood disorders.

Step 4: Evaluate Option (c)

Option (c) is ^{24}Na. Sodium-24 is mainly used in blood volume studies and is not used for treating blood cancer.

Step 5: Evaluate Option (d)

Option (d) is ^{131}I. Iodine-131 is primarily used for thyroid conditions rather than blood cancer treatment.

Step 6: Conclude the Correct Answer

After evaluating each option, we conclude that ^{32}P is the radioisotope used in the treatment of blood cancer.

Key Concepts

Phosphorus-32

Phosphorus-32, often represented as ^{32}P, is a beta-emitting radioisotope used in medical treatments, particularly for blood disorders. This element has a unique ability to therapeutic Applications:

• Purpose: Primarily used in therapies targeting abnormal blood production.
• Mechanism: Acts by reducing the number of excessive blood cells, which is crucial in conditions like polycythemia vera.

Benefits and Safety:
Phosphorus-32 is favored for its effectiveness in decreasing red blood cells without invasive procedures.
The safety protocols ensure minimal risk to patients during treatment. This radioisotope plays a pivotal role in medical settings, providing targeted treatment which leads to better patient outcomes.

Blood Cancer

Blood cancer refers to a range of malignant diseases that affect the blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system. These are often grouped into three main types:

• Leukemia: Starts in blood-forming tissues like the bone marrow, causing large numbers of abnormal blood cells.
• Lymphoma: Affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system fighting infections.
• Myeloma: Attacks plasma cells in the bone marrow, reducing the body's ability to protect against infection.

Treatment Approaches:

• In addition to radioisotopes like Phosphorus-32, treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplant, and targeted therapy.
• The choice depends on the type and stage of the cancer.

Blood cancer treatments aim to eradicate cancer cells, alleviate symptoms, and promote long-term remission.

Polycythemia Vera

Polycythemia vera is a rare blood disorder where the bone marrow produces too many blood cells, which can lead to serious complications. Characteristics:

• Results in thicker blood, increasing the risk of blood clots.
• Can cause headaches, dizziness, and high blood pressure.

Treatment Modalities:

• Phosphorus-32 has been effectively used to manage this condition by lowering the red blood cell count.
• Other treatments may include phlebotomy, low-dose aspirin, and medication to reduce blood cells.

Proper treatment of polycythemia vera minimizes risks and helps maintain a quality life.