Problem 5 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

In which year Matthias Schleiden examined a large number of plants and observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues of the plant? (a) 1638 (b) 1738 (c) 1838 (d) 1938

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct answer is (c) 1838.

Step 1: Identify the relevant fact

Start by identifying the main fact, which is that Matthias Schleiden observed that all plants are composed of different cells forming their tissues. This points towards the discovery of cell theory, which occurred in the 19th century.

Step 2: Compare the fact with given options

Next, look at the alternatives given. The options indicate different centuries (17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th). Since the event relates to the 19th century, the answer is the year in this century: 1838.

Key Concepts

Matthias Schleiden

Matthias Schleiden was a pioneering scientist in the field of botany and a key figure in the development of cell theory. In 1838, Schleiden made significant observations concerning plant biology. He proposed that all plants are composed of microscopic units known today as cells. This was a revolutionary idea because it highlighted the foundational role of cells in the composition of all living organisms, especially plants.

Schleiden's work contributed greatly to our understanding of plant physiology and growth. It also laid the groundwork for the cell theory, which is a cornerstone of modern biology. His approach combined meticulous observation with pioneering thought, emphasizing how structured observation could lead to significant scientific discoveries. Schleiden's work inspired further exploration into the cellular basis of life, influencing many future biologists.

Plant Cells

Plant cells are the basic building blocks of plant structure and function. They differ from animal cells in a few key ways, which Schleiden's research helped to underscore.

• Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection.
• Chloroplasts: These are specialized organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
• Vacuole: Plant cells often have a large central vacuole that maintains cell pressure, stores nutrients, and aids in waste disposal.

The study of plant cells gives insight into how plants grow, reproduce, and respond to their environment. Schleiden's emphasis on cellular composition reshaped the exploration of plant biology, highlighting the importance of cellular structure in plant sciences.

19th Century Scientific Discoveries

The 19th century was a period of profound scientific discovery and advances that reshaped our understanding of the natural world. Schleiden's observation in 1838 of plant cells played a crucial role in this era of enlightenment.

This century witnessed the rise of modern chemistry, physics, and biology. In the realm of biology, the formulation of cell theory was a breakthrough. Alongside Schleiden, scientists like Theodor Schwann contributed to defining cell theory, proposing that cells are the basic unit of life in both plants and animals.

• Introduction to the basic units of life (cells), showing a unified structure across living organisms.
• Significant advances in microscopy technology, allowing for more detailed study of cell structures.
• Increased understanding of heredity and genetics, setting the stage for 20th-century biological sciences.

The scientific contributions of the 19th century were instrumental in laying the foundation for future discoveries, making it a pivotal era in the history of science.