Problem 47 - Master Resource Book in JEE Main Physics

Question

Match the following Column I to Column II. \begin{tabular}{c|l|c|l} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c|} { Column I } & \multicolumn{2}{c} { Column II } \\ \hline L. & Condenser & A. & increases AC \\ II. & Inductor & B. & reduces \(A C\) \\ III. & Energy dissipation is due to & C. & is conductor for DC \\ IV. & A transformer & D. & resistance only \\ \hline \end{tabular} (a) \(1-B, \|-B, C M I-D, I V-A, B\) (b) \(1-\mathrm{D}, \|-\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{D}, \mathrm{III}-\mathrm{B}, \mathrm{IV}-\mathrm{B}, \mathrm{C}\) (c) \(1-\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{II}-\mathrm{B}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{III}-\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{IV}-\mathrm{B}\) (d) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 11-\mathrm{B}, \mathrm{III}-\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{IV}-\mathrm{A}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Option (d) is correct: I-C, II-B, III-D, IV-A.

Step 1: Understand the Problem

We need to match items from Column I with the appropriate descriptions in Column II. The options given (a, b, c, d) each suggest a unique set of matches based on the understanding of electronic components and principles.

Step 2: Analyze Column I Items

- **I. Condenser:** Also known as a capacitor, it stores and releases electrical energy and blocks direct current (DC) while passing alternating current (AC). - **II. Inductor:** An electrical component that resists changes in current and allows DC to pass, while reducing AC. - **III. Energy dissipation is due to:** Primarily due to resistance in circuits. - **IV. Transformer:** Converts AC voltages and currents and does not work with DC.

Step 3: Examine Column II Descriptions

- **A. Increases AC:** Describes a component that affects AC positively, which is more related to an amplifier than standard components. - **B. Reduces AC:** This is a function of an inductor. - **C. Is conductor for DC:** Describes inductors. - **D. Resistance only:** Energy dissipation due to resistance.

Step 4: Match Items from Column I to Column II

- **I. Condenser:** Equates with function of "Is conductor for DC," adding potentially more functionality to AC, but mostly in blocking DC, it does not purely allow DC (so does not match directly with any in this sense). - **II. Inductor:** Matches "reduces AC" and "is conductor for DC." - **III. Energy dissipation is due to:** Matches "resistance only." - **IV. Transformer:** Matches "increases AC," often associated with amplification of electrical signal.

Step 5: Match Option Analysis

Match the understandings: - **Option (d):** Matches: - I-C (although not perfectly described), - II-B, - III-D, - IV-A. Compare with other options: - **Option (a), (b), and (c)** demonstrate mismatched: assess incorrect descriptors for components based on general variability.

Key Concepts

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental interactions in physics, governing how charged particles interact with each other through electric and magnetic fields. It is described by Maxwell's equations, which explain how electric fields can create magnetic fields and vice versa.
This is particularly important in circuits, where different components behave according to these principles. When electricity flows through a wire, it creates a magnetic field around it. This principle is used in components like transformers and inductors, which are vital in managing AC currents. Transformers rely on changes in magnetic fields to increase or decrease voltage levels, effectively transferring electrical energy from one circuit to another.

• In a condenser or capacitor, electromagnetism explains how it stores energy in an electric field, temporarily blocking the flow of direct current (DC) while allowing alternating current (AC) to pass.
• Inductors leverage the magnetic field created by electrical current, resisting changes in that current, thus reducing AC effectively.

Circuit components

Every electronic circuit is built with fundamental components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers that shape the flow of electricity. Understanding each component's role is crucial for constructing and analyzing circuits.

• Resistors: They impede the flow of current, leading to energy being dissipated as heat. They are key for controlling the amount of current that flows through a circuit.


• Capacitors (also known as condensers): These store and release electrical energy, which helps smooth out electrical flow and filter signals.


• Inductors: These are coils of wire that resist changes in current and are used for energy storage in magnetic fields, filtering noise, and tuning circuits.


• Transformers: They are vital for voltage management in circuits, crucial for stepping up or down the voltage in AC circuits and enabling effective power distribution.

Electronic devices often involve a combination of these components for proper functionality, ensuring devices operate within the expected parameters.

Energy dissipation

Energy dissipation refers to the loss of energy through a system, usually in the form of heat. In electrical circuits, this occurs primarily due to resistance, an inevitable consequence when current flows through a resistive material.The more resistant a material, the more energy will be lost as current pushes through. This is described by Joule's Law, expressed as \(P = I^2 R\), where \(P\) is the power (rate of energy dissipation), \(I\) is the current, and \(R\) is the resistance.
**Resistors** are the primary components responsible for energy dissipation in circuits. They convert electrical energy into heat, which can then be dispersed into the environment to prevent overheating.Energy dissipation is crucial for:

• Regulating temperature within devices, ensuring they operate safely.
• Controlling the current flow to protect sensitive components from damage.
• Maintaining circuit performance by managing power usage effectively and efficiently.

Understanding how energy dissipation works allows engineers to design circuits that optimize energy use, enhancing both the performance and longevity of electronic devices.