Problem 46 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

The maximum number of carbon atoms arranged linearly in the molecule, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) are (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The maximum number of carbon atoms connected linearly is 5.

Step 1: Identify the Carbon Atoms

The chemical formula \( ext{CH}_3- ext{C} \equiv \text{C}- ext{CH}=\text{CH}_2\) represents a organic molecule with multiple carbon atoms. Our objective is to count these carbon atoms to determine how many are connected linearly in a sequence.

Step 2: Count the Carbon Atoms

Let's break down the chemical formula:- \( ext{CH}_3\) indicates a methyl group with one carbon.- \( ext{-C} \equiv \text{C}-\) indicates a triple bond between two carbons.- \(-\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2\) indicates a total of two more linear carbons involved in a double bond and single bond sequence.Adding these together, the number of carbon atoms connected linearly is 5.

Key Concepts

Carbon Atoms

Atoms of carbon are the foundation of organic chemistry due to their unique ability to form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. This property allows carbon atoms to create a variety of structures, including chains and rings. Each carbon atom can form up to four covalent bonds, making it highly versatile. In the molecule provided, we can see examples of carbon creating single, double, and triple bonds, showcasing its ability to form multiple types of connections that determine the molecular structure.

Linear Arrangement

In organic molecules, carbon atoms can be arranged in different configurations, including linear formations. A linear arrangement refers to carbon atoms connected in a straight line, without branching. This is sometimes called an "acyclic" structure, as opposed to "cyclic" structures where atoms form a closed loop. In the given molecule, linear means counting all the consecutively bonded carbon atoms in a sequence. Understanding linear arrangements is important for identifying and analyzing the molecule's functional groups and overall properties. The example formula shows carbon atoms connected by different types of bonds. Identifying the linear arrangement is crucial for understanding the molecule's physical and chemical behavior.

Chemical Formula Analysis

Analyzing a chemical formula involves interpreting the symbols and bonds to understand the structure and composition of a molecule. A chemical formula like \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) not only tells us the quantity of each type of atom but also hints at how they are connected. Here, each group or section of the formula provides clues:

• \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) denotes a methyl group, a basic building block in organic chemistry.
• \(-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\) indicates a triple bond between two carbon atoms, a signifier of significant bond energy and reactivity.
• \(-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) incorporates double and single bonds, contributing to the linearity and reactivity of the molecule.

Through careful analysis, chemists can deduce not only the linear arrangement but also the potential chemical properties and behaviors of the molecule.

Molecular Structure Analysis

Understanding the molecular structure involves examining how atoms are arranged and bonded, which dictates how the molecule interacts with others. In organic chemistry, this analysis is crucial as it affects molecular stability, reactivity, and interactions. The molecular structure of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) indicates a combination of sp, sp², and sp³ hybridization, demonstrating diverse bond types. Key points in molecular structure analysis:

• Analyzing bond types gives insight into molecular stability.
• Linear bonds along with triple bonds can suggest areas of potential chemical reactions.
• Identifying functional groups helps predict physical and chemical properties.

This detailed understanding helps chemists know how the molecule will behave in different environments, which is essential for applications ranging from materials science to pharmacology.