Problem 44 - Chemistry: The Central Science

Question

The elements of group \(4 \mathrm{~A}\) show an interesting change in properties moving down the group. Give the name and chemical symbol of each element in the group and label it as a nonmetal, metalloid, or metal.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The elements in group 4A are: - Carbon (C) - Nonmetal - Silicon (Si) - Metalloid - Germanium (Ge) - Metalloid - Tin (Sn) - Metal - Lead (Pb) - Metal

Step 1: Identify elements in group 4A

Group 4A elements have 4 valence electrons. They include carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb).

Step 2: Classify each element

Carbon (C): Carbon is a nonmetal due to its ability to form multiple strong covalent bonds with other nonmetal elements like oxygen and hydrogen. Silicon (Si): Silicon is a metalloid as it exhibits properties of both metals and nonmetals. It is a good conductor of electricity and can form covalent bonds with nonmetals. Germanium (Ge): Germanium is also a metalloid due to its intermediate metallic and nonmetallic properties, as well as its electrical conductivity. Tin (Sn): Tin is a metal. It exhibits metallic properties like luster, malleability, and conductivity. Lead (Pb): Lead is a metal as it has the characteristic metallic properties like high density, malleability, ductility, and electrical conductivity.

Step 3: Provide the final list of elements with their classification

- Carbon (C) - Nonmetal - Silicon (Si) - Metalloid - Germanium (Ge) - Metalloid - Tin (Sn) - Metal - Lead (Pb) - Metal