Problem 44 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

In binomial nomenclature (a) Both genus and species are printed in italics. (b) Genus and species may be of same name. (c) Both the initial letters in genus and species is capital. (d) Genus is written after the species.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct statement is (a) 'Both genus and species are printed in italics.'.

Step 1: Analyze the Statements

Carefully read each statement and evaluate if they align with the rules of binomial nomenclature.

Step 2: Analyze Statement (a)

Statement (a): 'Both genus and species are printed in italics.' This aligns with binomial nomenclature rules. So, statement (a) is correct.

Step 3: Analyze Statement (b)

Statement (b): 'Genus and species may be of same name.' In the rules of binomial nomenclature, Genus and species names are different. So, statement (b) is incorrect.

Step 4: Analyze Statement (c)

Statement (c): 'Both the initial letters in genus and species is capital.' In binomial nomenclature, only the first letter of the Genus name is capitalized, the species name is always in lowercase. So, statement (c) is incorrect.

Step 5: Analyze Statement (d)

Statement (d): 'Genus is written after the species.' In binomial nomenclature, the Genus name comes first followed by the species name. So, statement (d) is incorrect.

Key Concepts

Genus and Species

In the realm of biological classification, each organism is given a unique, two-part name, known for its precision and universality. This naming method is called "binomial nomenclature." The core components of this system are the genus and species names.

• **Genus** - This part of the scientific name identifies the group of related species to which the organism belongs. It is always the first part of the name.
• **Species** - This part of the scientific name distinguishes the individual organism from others within the same genus. It follows the genus name.

Together, these names ensure that each organism has a unique name which helps in clearly identifying and classifying every species. For instance, in the name *Homo sapiens*, "Homo" refers to the genus, and "sapiens" is the species identifier.
This system, developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century, is still used because it provides a clear and efficient way to categorize the immense diversity of life on Earth.

Italicization in Scientific Names

When you encounter scientific names, you might notice they are often written in italics. This is not a matter of stylistic preference but a standard rule in binomial nomenclature. The purpose of italicization is to differentiate these names from common text, emphasizing their scientific importance.

• The entire scientific name, including both the genus and species, is italicized. For example, *Panthera leo* for the lion.
• If handwriting is required, the names should be underlined instead of italicized, as italics cannot be expressed through handwriting.

This rule is universally applied in scientific literature and ensures that these names stand out and are given the recognition they deserve as unique identifiers of organisms. By adhering to these conventions, we maintain consistency in scientific communication across the globe.

Capitalization Rules in Binomial Nomenclature

Capitalization in binomial nomenclature follows specific guidelines that differentiate it from regular writing rules. It is essential to properly follow these rules to avoid errors in scientific writing.

• **Genus name** - Always starts with a capital letter. This signifies its importance in grouping species.
• **Species name** - Always begins with a lowercase letter, highlighting its descriptive nature rather than categorical.

To illustrate, in the name *Canis lupus* (the gray wolf), "Canis" is the genus name and thus capitalized, while "lupus" is the species name, starting with a lowercase letter.
Adherence to these capitalization rules is crucial, as they point to a standardized method of identifying organisms. This standardization aids researchers and students in distinguishing between different taxa, maintaining clarity and order in scientific discourse.