Problem 44 - Chemistry: The Central Science

Question

As \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) dissolves in water, the oxide ion reacts with water molecules to form hydroxide ions. Write the molecular and net ionic equations for this reaction. Based on the definitions of acid and base, what ion is the base in this reaction? What is the acid? What is the spectator ion in the reaction?

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and water is: \[\mathrm{K}_{2}\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{KOH}\] The molecular and net ionic equation is: \[\mathrm{K}_{2}\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{K}^{+} + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}\] In this reaction, the base is the oxide ion (O^2-), the acid is water (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)), and there is no spectator ion.

Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation

First, we write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and water: \[\mathrm{K}_{2}\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{KOH}\] Now, let's break down the soluble ionic compounds into their ions in order to write the molecular equation.

Step 2: Write the molecular equation

The molecular equation involves breaking down all soluble ionic compounds into their individual ions: \[\mathrm{K}_{2}\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{K}^{+} + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}\]

Step 3: Write the net ionic equation

The net ionic equation can be written by removing the spectator ions, which are the ions that aren't involved in the actual reaction. In this case, there are no spectator ions, so the net ionic equation remains as: \[\mathrm{K}_{2}\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{K}^{+} + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}\]

Step 4: Identify the acid, base, and spectator ion

Now, let's identify the acid and base in the reaction. The base is the species that accepts a hydrogen ion (H+), which is the oxide ion (O^2-) reacting with water to form hydroxide ions (OH-). Therefore, O^2- is the base. The acid is the species that donates a hydrogen ion (H+). In this reaction, water donates a hydrogen ion to the oxide ion, so H2O is the acid. Since there are no spectator ions in this reaction, we can say there is no spectator ion in this case.