Problem 4 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Which statement is correct about biodegradable materials? (a) these are toxic in nature (b) these can be broken down by bacteria (c) these are used for converting waste to greenery (d) these spoil the biological environment

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Option (b) is correct: biodegradable materials can be broken down by bacteria.

Step 1: Identify the question's focus

The question asks about characteristics of biodegradable materials. We need to determine which statement correctly describes these materials.

Step 2: Analyze each option

Let's evaluate each provided option: - Option (a) claims that biodegradable materials are 'toxic in nature,' which is not accurate since biodegradable materials are typically not toxic as they break down naturally. - Option (b) states that biodegradable materials 'can be broken down by bacteria.' This characteristic is a known property of biodegradable materials. - Option (c) suggests that biodegradable materials are 'used for converting waste to greenery,' which isn't a primary characteristic of these materials but rather a byproduct of their decomposition. - Option (d) says that biodegradable materials 'spoil the biological environment.' This is incorrect, as they are generally eco-friendly and do not spoil the environment once decomposed.

Step 3: Select the correct statement

Based on the analysis in Step 2, the statement that accurately describes biodegradable materials is option (b) 'these can be broken down by bacteria.' This aligns with the defining characteristic of biodegradable materials.

Key Concepts

Bacteria Decomposition

Biodegradable materials possess a unique property, which is their ability to be decomposed by microorganisms, predominantly bacteria. This process is known as bacteria decomposition. It plays a crucial role in breaking down organic materials into simpler substances. As bacteria feed on biodegradable materials, they release enzymes that accelerate the decomposition process.

This natural breakdown process is vital for recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. It ensures that waste materials do not accumulate in our environment, leading to less pollution and a healthier planet. The ability of bacteria to decompose biodegradable materials highlights their indispensable role in maintaining environmental balance.

Environmental Impact

Biodegradable materials have a positive impact on the environment. Unlike non-biodegradable materials, they do not persist for a long time, thus reducing litter and pollution levels. When biodegradable materials decompose, they return to earth without leaving harmful residues. This contributes to a cleaner atmosphere and lessens the carbon footprint of human activities.

Moreover, the decomposition of biodegradable materials helps in replenishing soil nutrients. As these materials break down, they enhance soil fertility, making it more productive and capable of supporting plant growth. This sustainable cycle highlights the environmental benefits offered by biodegradable materials.

Eco-Friendly Characteristics

One of the standout features of biodegradable materials is their eco-friendly nature. They are designed to reduce the environmental impact of human consumption. By being naturally biodegradable, these materials help to minimize waste and prevent the pollution caused by plastic and other non-biodegradable substances.

Eco-friendly characteristics of biodegradable materials include:

• Reduced landfill waste
• Decreased greenhouse gas emissions during decomposition
• Minimal risk to wildlife from ingestion

These characteristics showcase why biodegradable materials are increasingly being used as alternatives in packaging, agriculture, and other industries aiming for sustainability.

JEE Main Chemistry

In the context of JEE Main Chemistry, understanding biodegradable materials involves grasping the chemical processes that allow these materials to decompose. Students are often asked to identify properties that make substances environmentally friendly and how these align with eco-friendly practices.

Within the study of chemistry, biodegradable materials are examined for their molecular structure and compatibility with biological systems. This knowledge is instrumental in helping students appreciate how chemistry contributes to environmental solutions. Such an understanding equips future scientists and engineers with the skills needed to innovate sustainable materials and processes.