Problem 38 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Laws of electrolysis was given by (a) Faraday (b) Ostwald (c) Arrhenius (d) Lamark

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) Faraday

Step 1: Understand the Question

The question asks about the person responsible for formulating the laws of electrolysis. Electrolysis is a chemical process by which electrical energy is used to drive a non-spontaneous reaction. Understanding who laid down the foundational laws in this area is crucial.

Step 2: Recall Known Information

Recall the significant contributors to the field of electrochemistry. Familiarize yourself with their works. Faraday is known for his profound contributions to electromagnetism and electrochemistry. In particular, his laws of electrolysis describe the quantitative aspects of electrochemical reactions.

Step 3: Apply the Relevant Knowledge

Among the given options, identify who formulated laws related to electrolysis specifically. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis are fundamental principles that relate charge and mass in electrochemical reactions. Therefore, Faraday is the correct answer.

Step 4: Verify the Answer

Cross-check with textbooks or reliable sources on electrochemistry to ensure Faraday's laws are indeed the reference for electrolysis laws. These sources confirm Faraday's pioneering role in developing these laws.

Key Concepts

Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the interplay of electrical energy and chemical reactions. This field examines the transformation of chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. One of the most fundamental contributions to electrochemistry is Michael Faraday's exploration of electromagnetism, which laid the groundwork for understanding and shaping modern electrical sciences. Faraday's work on the subject, particularly his laws of electrolysis, significantly advanced our knowledge of how chemical reactions can be quantitatively driven by electricity.

The study of electrochemistry helps us understand processes like battery operation, electroplating, and corrosion protection. By experimenting with electrolytic cells, we learn how electric currents can induce chemical changes. This has immense applications in industries that refine metals, manufacture chemicals, and produce energy-efficient devices. Understanding electrochemistry is crucial for anyone interested in the science behind how electrical devices are powered.

Quantitative Aspects of Electrochemical Reactions

The quantitative aspects of electrochemical reactions focus on the measurable changes that occur when electricity interacts with chemical substances. Faraday's laws of electrolysis provide the framework for understanding these quantitative relationships.

The first law states that the amount of a substance produced or consumed at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the total electric charge passed through the substance. This means that doubling the amount of electricity will double the amount of chemical reaction.

The second law of electrolysis states that the amount of different substances produced by the same amount of electricity passing through the electrolytic cell is proportional to their equivalent weights. This means that it is possible to determine how much of each substance will form during a reaction based on the known number of equivalents.

• These relationships allow scientists and engineers to predict product yields.
• Quantitative predictions help in designing processes in various industries such as electroplating and producing chemicals.
• They ensure precision in reactions that are crucial for developing efficient technology.

Electrolysis Process

Electrolysis is the process of using electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. This process takes place in an electrolytic cell, where electrical current flows through a liquid or solution, causing chemical changes to occur at the electrodes inside the cell.

During electrolysis, two key reactions occur: oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode. At the anode, electrons are removed from a substance, while at the cathode, electrons are added to a substance. These reactions result in the decomposition of compounds and formation of new products.

Electrolysis has numerous applications, including metal extraction, electroplating, and the generation of gases such as hydrogen and oxygen. For instance, in electroplating, a metal ion is reduced and deposited onto a substrate, improving its appearance and resistance against corrosion.

• Metals like aluminum and copper are often refined through electrolysis.
• Electrolysis helps in purifying substances to a high degree.
• Renewable energy technologies use electrolysis for producing clean fuel sources.

Understanding the electrolysis process provides insights into how electrical energy effectively manipulates chemical transformations, proving essential for both scientific advancements and practical applications.