Problem 37 - 43 Years JEE ADVANCED (1978-2020) + JEE MAIN Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers Chemistry

Question

Copper can be extracted from (a) Kupfernical (b) Dolomite (c) Malachite (d) Galena

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Copper can be extracted from Malachite.

Step 1: Identify Copper-Ore

First, it's important to identify which minerals or ores copper can be extracted from. Based on common knowledge in mineralogy, copper ores are rich in copper compounds. The key ores include minerals like chalcopyrite, bornite, and malachite. Here we need to check if any of the given options can be considered a copper ore.

Step 2: Evaluate the Options

The options provided are Kupfernical, Dolomite, Malachite, and Galena. Now, let's evaluate each option: - **Kupfernical**: This is an alloy, not an ore. It does not contain extractable copper. - **Dolomite**: It is primarily composed of calcium magnesium carbonate and is not a source of copper. - **Malachite**: This is a copper carbonate mineral and a significant copper ore. - **Galena**: This is a primary lead ore with no significant copper content.

Step 3: Identify the Correct Option

Based on the evaluation, Malachite is the only option listed that is a known copper ore. This mineral is frequently used in the extraction of copper because it contains high amounts of copper carbonate, making it a valuable source.

Key Concepts

Mineral Identification

Mineral identification is a fundamental process in the field of geology and mineralogy. It involves determining the mineral compositions of rocks and ores. This is key to understanding what valuable materials might be extractable from a given sample. Skilled mineralogists use several techniques to identify minerals:

• Observing physical properties such as color, luster, and crystal form.
• Performing hardness tests to see how easily scratched a mineral can be.
• Tapping into chemical tests to identify mineral composition.

When it comes to copper extraction, identifying specific copper-bearing minerals is crucial to ensure that the extraction process will be efficient and economically viable. Correct identification is the first step to processing and utilizing these natural resources effectively.

Copper Ores

Copper ores are naturally occurring minerals from which copper can be efficiently and economically extracted. These ores usually contain a mix of copper minerals and other materials. Some of the most common copper ores include:

• Chalcopyrite: The most abundant copper ore, containing copper iron sulfide. It often appears yellow in color.
• Bornite: Also known as peacock ore, with a beautiful iridescent tarnish.
• Malachite: A green copper carbonate mineral often used in decorative items.

Understanding the types of copper ores helps in evaluating mining feasibility and extraction processes. Mining of these ores involves crushing and grinding to liberate the copper minerals from the surrounding rock matrix.

Malachite

Malachite is more than just a pretty green stone; it is a significant copper ore, widely valued both in industrial applications and in jewelry. It is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with a vivid green color, which results from the presence of high amounts of copper. Key points about malachite include:

• Typically found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.
• Often used as an indicator of copper presence below the surface.
• Commonly associated with other copper-bearing minerals, such as azurite.

This mineral not only aids in the practical extraction of copper but also serves as an aesthetically pleasing material for artists and collectors.

Mineralogy

Mineralogy is the scientific study of minerals, which are natural compounds with specific chemical compositions and crystal structures. This field is essential for understanding the properties and uses of various minerals, including copper ores. Mineralogy involves:

• Detailed studies of mineral structures and compositions.
• Analyzing environmental impact and formation processes.
• Using technology like X-ray diffraction (XRD) to understand mineral patterns.

In terms of copper extraction, mineralogy helps in identifying potential sources of copper and optimizing extraction techniques. It bridges the gap between raw material identification and industrial processing.

Ore Evaluation

Ore evaluation is a critical step in the mining and extraction process, involving analysis to determine the value and feasibility of mining a mineral deposit. This includes:

• Assessing the concentration of valuable minerals versus waste materials.
• Estimating economic viability through cost and benefit analysis.
• Determining suitable extraction and processing methods.

For copper, the evaluation focuses on how much copper is present and how easily it can be extracted. This assessment helps investors and geologists decide if a deposit is worth developing and guides technological approaches to improve recovery rates and reduce costs.