Problem 35 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

Low secretion of \(\mathrm{GH}\) in child leads to (a) Pituitary dwarfism (b) Gigantism (c) Cretinism (d) Tetany

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Low secretion of GH in a child leads to Pituitary dwarfism.

Step 1: Understand the Growth Hormone (GH)

The growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans

Step 2: Define the Conditions

Here are the definitions of the conditions mentioned in the exercise. (a) Pituitary dwarfism: It is a condition of slowed or stopped growth caused by GH deficiency. (b) Gigantism: It refers to abnormally high growth due to excessive action of insulin-like growth factors. (c) Cretinism: It's a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones. (d) Tetany: It's a symptom characterized by muscle cramps, spasms caused by low levels of calcium in the blood and oversecretion of the Parathyroid hormone.

Step 3: Understand the Effect of Low GH Secretion

With low secretion of GH in a child, growth will be stunted. Based on our understanding of the effects of GH and the definitions of the conditions provided, low GH secretion would directly cause Pituitary dwarfism.

Key Concepts

Growth Hormone (GH)

Growth Hormone (GH) is an essential protein hormone that plays a crucial role in growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration. It is often referred to as somatotropin. GH is secreted by the pituitary gland and aids in the regulation of body composition, body fluids, muscle and bone growth, and the metabolism of sugar and fat.
In children and adolescents, GH is vital for healthy development, as it helps in

• Promoting growth of long bones
• Increasing muscle mass
• Reducing body fat

Understanding the correct functioning of GH is important, especially as any deficit in its production can lead to developmental issues.
At certain stages of life, particularly during childhood and puberty, higher levels of GH are necessary to ensure proper development. If the pituitary gland fails to produce sufficient GH, medical intervention might be necessary to help correct growth disorders.

Pituitary dwarfism

Pituitary dwarfism, also known as growth hormone deficiency, occurs when the body produces insufficient amounts of GH during childhood. This lack of GH leads to slowed or halted growth, resulting in a shorter stature than expected for the child's age.
The primary causes and characteristics of pituitary dwarfism include:

• Underproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland
• Normal body proportions but significantly shortened stature
• Delayed or absent puberty
• Sometimes accompanied by other hormonal deficiencies

Many children with pituitary dwarfism exhibit normal intelligence and organ function aside from height. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Therapy often involves GH replacement through regular injections to stimulate growth before the bone growth plates close. With proper medical care, children can reach near-normal or normal height for their age.

Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland, sometimes known as the 'master gland,' is a small, pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain. Despite its size, it plays a pivotal role in regulating various hormonal functions in the body. It controls and manages the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands.
The pituitary gland is responsible for producing critical hormones, including:

• Growth hormone (GH)
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Prolactin

In addition to regulating growth, the pituitary gland's secretions influence metabolism, sexual development, and response to stress. Given its significant role, any dysfunction in the pituitary gland can lead to various health issues, including growth disorders like pituitary dwarfism when GH is insufficient. Maintaining the health of this gland is crucial for overall bodily function.