Problem 33 - 43 Years JEE ADVANCED (1978-2020) + JEE MAIN Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers Chemistry

Question

Match each item of the right hand column with an appropriate item in the left hand column for each of the following sections: A. \((i) \quad\) spinel (a) \(\mathrm{MgAl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) (ii) feldspar (b) \(\mathrm{PbCO}\) (iii) cerussite (c) \(\mathrm{KAlSi}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{8}\) (iv) malachite (d) \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4} \cdot \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (v) kisserite (e) \(\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \cdot \mathrm{CuCO}_{3}\) B. (vi) liquid air (f) Deacon process (vii) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (g) Parke process (viii) nitric oxide (h) Claude process \((i x)\) silver (i) Ostwald process \((x)\) chlorine (j) Solvay process C. \((x i)\) phenol (k) coloured glass (xii) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) (1) antichlor (xiii) salicylic acid (m) refractory material \((x i v)\) quick lime (n) antiseptic \((x v) \quad \mathrm{CuO}\) (o) analgesic D. \((x v i)\) Aston (p) radium \(\begin{array}{ll}\text { (xvii) Priestley } & \text { (q) radioactivity }\end{array}\) (xviii) Ramsay (r) oxygen \((x i x) \quad\) Marie Curie (s) inert gas \((x x) \quad\) Bacquerel (t) mass spectrum

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

A: i-a, ii-c, iii-b, iv-e, v-d; B: vi-h, vii-j, viii-i, ix-g, x-f; C: xi-n, xii-l, xiii-o, xiv-m, xv-k; D: xvi-t, xvii-r, xviii-s, xix-q, xx-q.

Step 1: Identify the Chemical Compound Matches (Section A)

In Section A, link each mineral or compound name with its chemical formula: - **Spinel** (i) corresponds to the chemical formula **(a) MgAl₂O₄**. - **Feldspar** (ii) is a silicate mineral with the formula **(c) KAlSi₃O₈**. - **Cerussite** (iii) is a lead carbonate mineral with the formula **(b) PbCO₃**. - **Malachite** (iv) is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with the formula **(e) Cu(OH)₂⋅CuCO₃**. - **Kieserite** (v) is a magnesium sulfate with water, formula **(d) MgSO₄·H₂O**.

Step 2: Identify the Process or Material Matches (Section B)

In Section B, match each term with its associated process or chemical reaction: - **Liquid air** (vi) is processed using the **(h) Claude process**. - **Na₂CO₃** (vii), also known as sodium carbonate, is produced by the **(j) Solvay process**. - **Nitric oxide** (viii) is a part of the **(i) Ostwald process**, which produces nitric acid. - **Silver** (ix) is refined using the **(g) Parke process**. - **Chlorine** (x) is associated with the **(f) Deacon process**.

Step 3: Identify the Chemical or Material Properties (Section C)

For Section C, match each chemical with its use or property: - **Phenol** (xi) is used as an **(n) antiseptic**. - **Na₂S₂O₃** (xii), sodium thiosulfate, is used as an **(l) antichlor** in bleaching. - **Salicylic acid** (xiii) functions as an **(o) analgesic**. - **Quick lime** (xiv), or CaO, is a **(m) refractory material** due to its high melting point. - **CuO** (xv) is used in **(k) coloured glass** production.

Step 4: Associate Figures with Their Contributions (Section D)

In Section D, pair historical figures with their discoveries or work: - **Aston** (xvi) is known for his work on **(t) mass spectrum** analysis. - **Priestley** (xvii) is connected with the discovery of **(r) oxygen**. - **Ramsay** (xviii) discovered **(s) inert gas**, specifically noble gases like neon, argon. - **Marie Curie** (xix) is associated with **(q) radioactivity**, for her research on radium. - **Bacquerel** (xx) also contributed to our understanding of **(q) radioactivity**.

Key Concepts

Chemical Processes

Chemical processes are fundamental operations that drive transformation in substances, changing them into different forms or compositions. They are vital in various industrial applications and scientific explorations.

* **Claude Process:** This process involves the liquefaction of air, where gases such as nitrogen and oxygen are separated at extremely low temperatures. This is crucial in producing pure gases.* **Solvay Process:** One of the primary methods for producing sodium carbonate (\( \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 \)), it involves the reaction of sodium bicarbonate and ammonia.* **Ostwald Process:** This industrial process focuses on converting ammonia to nitric acid (\( \text{HNO}_3 \)) via nitric oxide (\( \text{NO} \)) as an intermediary.These processes illustrate how systematic approaches in chemistry can convert raw materials into useful commodities, supporting numerous industries worldwide.

Mineral Formulas

Mineral formulas are chemical notations that represent the composition and structure of minerals, which are naturally occurring chemical compounds.

* **Spinel:** Known chemically as \( \text{MgAl}_2\text{O}_4 \), this mineral consists of magnesium, aluminum, and oxygen. Spinel is notable for its hardness and range of colors in gemstones.* **Kieserite:** Represented by \( \text{MgSO}_4\cdot \text{H}_2\text{O} \), kieserite is a hydrated magnesium sulfate found in evaporite deposits. It's essential in agriculture as a magnesium fertilizer.* **Malachite:** With the formula \( \text{Cu} (\text{OH})_2 \cdot \text{CuCO}_3 \), malachite is a green copper carbonate hydroxide mineral used in jewelry and as an ore for extracting copper.Understanding mineral formulas helps us determine the material properties, their potential uses, and their roles within Earth's geology.

Historical Figures in Chemistry

The field of chemistry has been profoundly shaped by several key figures whose discoveries and inventions paved the way for modern chemical science.

* **Joseph Priestley:** He discovered oxygen, radically changing the understanding of air composition and respiration. * **Marie Curie:** A pioneer in radioactivity, Curie's work on radium advanced both scientific theory and medical applications, like cancer treatment. * **William Ramsay:** Known for discovering inert gases such as neon, argon, and xenon, Ramsay's research expanded the understanding of the periodic table and atmospheric chemistry. These individuals not only expanded human knowledge of chemical processes and elements but also laid the foundations for various modern technologies and techniques we use today.