Problem 31 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

'Nitrolim' is a mixture of (a) \(\mathrm{CaCN}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CaCN}_{2}\) and graphite (c) \(\mathrm{CaC}_{2}\) and graphite (d) \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\) and graphite

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(b) \(\mathrm{CaCN}_{2}\) and graphite.

Step 1: Understanding the Problem

The exercise asks us to identify the correct component mixture that makes up 'Nitrolim'. You need to recognize the correct combination of chemicals from the given options.

Step 2: Analyzing the Options

Let's examine each option: (a) \( \mathrm{CaCN}_{2} \) (calcium cyanamide) and \( \mathrm{N}_{2} \) (nitrogen).(b) \( \mathrm{CaCN}_{2} \) and graphite (carbon).(c) \( \mathrm{CaC}_{2} \) (calcium carbide) and graphite.(d) \( \mathrm{Ca}\mathrm{(CN)}_{2} \) (calcium dicyanamide) and graphite.

Step 3: Recalling Chemical Knowledge

'Nitrolim' is known in chemistry as a nitrogen-based fertilizer, and one of its key components is calcium cyanamide \( \mathrm{CaCN}_{2} \). Graphite is often used in mixtures involving calcium-based compounds.

Step 4: Choosing the Correct Answer

Based on chemical knowledge, nitrolim consists of \( \mathrm{CaCN}_{2} \) (calcium cyanamide) and graphite. Therefore, the correct option is (b).

Key Concepts

Calcium Cyanamide

Calcium cyanamide is a chemical compound with the formula \( \mathrm{CaCN}_{2} \). It is widely used in the agricultural industry as a fertilizer. When calcium cyanamide comes into contact with water, it releases ammonia, which aids in increasing nitrogen content in the soil. This provides essential nutrients to plants, promoting healthy growth and high yields.

• It decomposes slowly, allowing for a prolonged release of nutrients.
• This controlled release makes it ideal for use in different cropping systems.

Calcium cyanamide not only enriches the soil with nitrogen but also helps in controlling weeds and certain soil-borne pests. Its multifunctional benefits make it a valuable addition to agricultural practices.

Graphite

Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon known for its use as the 'lead' in pencils. Its structure consists of layers that can slide over one another. This unique property makes graphite an excellent lubricant.
In the context of chemical mixtures like nitrolim, graphite acts more as an additive rather than a primary reactive ingredient. Its graphitic nature contributes to the stability and handling of mixtures.

• Graphite is chemically inert, meaning it does not react with other chemicals easily.
• It is a good conductor of electricity, making it versatile in various industrial uses.

Chemical Mixtures

Chemical mixtures are combinations of two or more substances where each retains its own chemical identity. In the case of nitrolim, the mixture of calcium cyanamide \( \mathrm{CaCN}_{2} \) and graphite results in a product that combines different beneficial properties.

• The characteristics of individual components impact the overall behavior of the mixture.
• Mixtures can be homogenous (uniform composition) or heterogenous (non-uniform composition).

In industrial applications, creating an effective chemical mixture can enhance product efficiency and performance. A deep understanding of each component's properties is necessary to achieve desired results.

Nitrogen-Based Fertilizer

Nitrogen-based fertilizers are essential for modern agriculture, providing one of the most crucial nutrients required for plant growth. Nitrogen is a key component of amino acids, which plants need to build proteins. Calcium cyanamide, found in nitrolim, is one such nitrogen-based fertilizer.
These fertilizers are known for:

• Enhancing crop yields by supplying nitrogen, a nutrient important for overall plant development.
• Improving plant growth by stimulating metabolic processes.
• Replenishing nitrogen in the soil, which is depleted by continuous cultivation.

Effective use of nitrogen-based fertilizers can lead to healthier, faster-growing plants, which ultimately contributes to greater agricultural productivity.