Problem 25 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Nylon threads are made of (a) polyester polymer (b) polyamide polymer (c) polyvinyl polymer (d) polyethylene polymer

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Nylon threads are made of polyamide polymer.

Step 1: Understanding the Question

The question is asking about the chemical composition of nylon threads. To determine the correct answer, we need to identify which type of polymer is used to make nylon.

Step 2: Identify Nylon Composition

Nylon is a type of synthetic polymer that is known as a polyamide. This means that it is made from long chains of repeating base units that include amide linkages (-CONH-). Polyamides are characterized by the presence of these amide groups.

Step 3: Link Options to Explanation

Review the given options: - Option (a) "polyester polymer" relates to materials like PET but not to nylon. - Option (b) "polyamide polymer" is directly related to nylon. - Option (c) "polyvinyl polymer" is related to vinyl-based materials, not nylon. - Option (d) "polyethylene polymer" is a different type of polymer, mainly used in products like plastic bags and containers. Since nylon is a polyamide, the correct choice is option (b).

Key Concepts

Nylon Composition

Nylon is a versatile material that many encounter in daily life, mainly in textiles and manufactured goods. Understanding its composition helps in appreciating its properties and use. Nylon is a synthetic polymer, specifically, a type of polyamide. This means that its molecular structure consists of repeated units connected by amide bonds, noted for their (-CONH-) linkage. These amide bonds are responsible for the strength and elasticity of nylon, making it an ideal choice for manufacturing garments, carpets, and industrial materials.

Nylon comes from a family of synthetic fibers, with Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6 being the most recognized.

• **Nylon 6**: Derived from caprolactam, it has good dyeability and uses in products like fabrics and gears.
• **Nylon 6,6**: Made from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, this nylon is noted for thermal and mechanical strength. Often used in items like ropes and automotive parts.

Polyamide

Polyamides are a distinct class of polymers that include nylon and other materials used globally in various applications. Defined by their characteristic amide linkages (-CONH-) within their chain structures, polyamides are notable for their durability and resistance to wear. They occur both naturally and synthetically.

Natural polyamides include proteins like wool and silk which are valued for their soft texture and insulating properties. Synthetically, polyamides such as nylon are created through a process called polymerization.
This involves linking multiple monomers - small, simple molecules - to form long, repeating chains. Their characteristics make them useful for a range of products.

• **Durability**: Resistant to abrasion, polyamides are used in producing high-strength fabrics and ropes.
• **Machinability**: Takes well to shaping and forming, allowing them to replace metal parts in mechanical applications.

Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are human-engineered materials created from chemical processes involving the polymerization of monomers. Unlike natural polymers, which are formed in nature, synthetic variants are designed to enhance or create specific properties desired in a material. These polymers play a crucial role in the production of everyday items and industrial materials.

The versatility of synthetic polymers is unparalleled, offering advantages such as lightweight properties, transparency, and flexibility. Common types include:

• **Polyethylene**: Used extensively in packaging like plastic bags due to its flexibility and moisture resistance.
• **Polyester**: Known for resilience, it is used in raincoats and insulation materials.
• **Nylon (a polyamide)**: Noted for its strength and resistance, suitable for fabric and industrial applications.

Understanding synthetic polymers involves recognizing their extensive use in various sectors, which can range from clothing to construction, reflecting their integral part in modern manufacturing.