Problem 22 - 43 Years JEE ADVANCED (1978-2020) + JEE MAIN Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers Chemistry

Question

The correct match between item (I) and item (II) is : Item - (A) Norethindrone (B) Ofloxacin (C) Equanil tem (P) Antibiotic (Q) Antifertility (R) Hypertension (S) Analgesics (a) (A) \(\square(\mathrm{Q}) ;\) (B) \(\square(\mathrm{R}) ;\) (C) \(\square(\mathrm{S})\) (b) \((\mathrm{A}) \square(\mathrm{Q}) ;(\mathrm{B}) \square(\mathrm{P}) ;(\mathrm{C}) \square(\mathrm{R})\) (c) (A) \(\square(\mathrm{R}) ;\) (B) \(\square(\mathrm{P}) ;\) (C) \(\square(\mathrm{S})\) (d) (A) \(\square(\mathrm{R}) ;\) (B) \(\square(\mathrm{P}) ;\) (C) \(\square(\mathrm{R})\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Option (b) partially matches, but there seems to be no completely correct option.

Step 1: Understand the items in Group I

Identify the purpose of each item in Group I: - Norethindrone is known as an antifertility drug (contraceptive). - Ofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. - Equanil is used as an analgesic, which is a pain reliever or tranquilizer.

Step 2: Understand the items in Group II

Identify the meaning of each option in Group II: - Antibiotic (P) refers to a substance that kills or inhibits bacteria. - Antifertility (Q) refers to drugs used for contraception to prevent pregnancy. - Hypertension (R) refers to medications used to treat high blood pressure. - Analgesics (S) are used to relieve pain.

Step 3: Match each item from Group I with Group II

Using the understanding from previous steps: - Norethindrone (A) corresponds to Antifertility (Q). - Ofloxacin (B) corresponds to Antibiotic (P). - Equanil (C) corresponds to Analgesics (S).

Step 4: Verify the answer choices

Compare the matching from Step 3 with the options provided: - Option (a): (A) Q; (B) R; (C) S - Incorrect - Option (b): (A) Q; (B) P; (C) R - Incorrect - Option (c): (A) R; (B) P; (C) S - Incorrect - Option (d): (A) R; (B) P; (C) R - Incorrect

Step 5: Confirm the correct match

Notice that option (b) bears the closest match, although part (C) correctly should correspond to (S). Thus, interpret the match based on available choices.

Key Concepts

Antifertility Drugs

Antifertility drugs, often known as contraceptives, play a significant role in family planning and reproductive health. These drugs are designed to prevent pregnancy and are used by individuals who are not ready to become parents. Norethindrone, as mentioned in the exercise, is an example of an antifertility drug.

• Norethindrone is a synthetic form of a female hormone, progesterone.
• It works by preventing the ovulation during a woman's menstrual cycle.
• Additionally, it causes changes in the cervical mucus and uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to reach the uterus and fertilized eggs to attach to the uterus.

These drugs are often available in various forms, such as pills, patches, rings, and injections. It's crucial to understand that antifertility drugs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The use of contraceptives like Norethindrone involves consultation with a healthcare provider, who can help choose the best method based on individual needs and health conditions.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are medications used to treat infections caused by bacteria. They work by killing bacteria or preventing them from reproducing and spreading. One common antibiotic mentioned in the exercise is Ofloxacin.

• Ofloxacin is part of the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics.
• It is effective against a variety of bacterial infections, including those of the skin, lungs, and urinary tract.
• It works by inhibiting the enzymes that bacteria need to synthesize DNA, thereby stopping their growth.

It's important to use antibiotics like Ofloxacin only when prescribed by a healthcare professional, as misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance. This resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines, making them less effective.

Always complete the full course of an antibiotic to ensure all bacteria are eliminated and resistance is less likely to develop.

Analgesics

Analgesics, or painkillers, are medications used to relieve pain. Equanil, as indicated in the exercise, serves as an analgesic.

• Equanil is primarily used to reduce mild to moderate pain.
• It belongs to a class of drugs known as non-narcotic analgesics, focusing on pain relief without causing sedation or euphoria.
• These medications can also have tranquilizing effects, helping to ease anxiety related to pain.

Analgesics work by blocking the pain signals from reaching the brain or by interfering with the brain's interpretation of these signals.

It's essential to follow the dosage instructions carefully when taking analgesics, as overuse can lead to side effects or dependency. Consult a healthcare provider if pain persists or if you're considering combining different pain relief medications.