Problem 2 - Chemistry An Atoms First Approach

Question

List two major industrial uses of hydrogen.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

One significant industrial use of hydrogen is in the production of ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process, which is essential in the manufacture of fertilizers. Another major industrial use of hydrogen is in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, converting them to saturated fatty acids, and resulting in the production of semi-solid fats used in the food industry.

Step 1: 1. Ammonia production

One significant industrial use of hydrogen is in the production of ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process. Ammonia (NH3) is an essential compound used in the manufacture of fertilizers, which play a crucial role in agriculture. In the Haber-Bosch process, hydrogen is combined with nitrogen under high pressure and temperature in the presence of an iron catalyst.

Step 2: 2. Hydrogenation of vegetable oils

Another major industrial use of hydrogen is in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. This process involves the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids present in vegetable oils, which converts them to saturated fatty acids. This results in the production of semi-solid fats, which are extensively used in the food industry, particularly in the production of margarine and shortening. This process is performed in the presence of a catalyst, typically nickel, palladium, or platinum.