Problem 197 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the catalysts to the correct processe Catalyst a. \(\mathrm{TiCl}_{3}\) b. \(\mathrm{PdCl}_{2}\) c. \(\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}\) d. \(\mathrm{V}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) Process (i) Wacker process (ii) Ziegler-Natta polymerization (iii) Contact process (iv) Deacon's process (a) a (iii), b (ii), c (iv), d (i) (b) a (ii), b (i), c (iv), d (iii) (c) a (ii), b (iii), c (iv), d (i) (d) a (iii), b (i), c (ii), d (iv)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct answer is (b): a (ii), b (i), c (iv), d (iii).

Step 1: Understand the context of each process

Let's identify what each of the processes involves and the catalyst typically used for each process: - **Wacker process**: This is used for the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde. The catalyst used is typically ** PdCl_{2}**. - **Ziegler-Natta polymerization**: This is used for olefin polymerization to produce polymers like polypropylene. The catalyst used is often **TiCl_{3}** along with some other components. - **Contact process**: This is used to produce sulfuric acid, and the catalyst used is **V_{2}O_{5}**. - **Deacon's process**: This is used to produce chlorine by reacting hydrogen chloride with oxygen. The catalyst used is **CuCl_{2}**.

Step 2: Match catalysts with correct processes

Based on the known catalysts for each process: - ** TiCl_{3}** is matched with **Ziegler-Natta polymerization**. - **PdCl_{2}** is matched with **Wacker process**. - **CuCl_{2}** is matched with **Deacon's process**. - **V_{2}O_{5}** is matched with **Contact process**. Thus, the correct matches are: - a (ii) - b (i) - c (iv) - d (iii).

Step 3: Choose the correct answer

Compare the matched catalysts with the given options: - Option (a): a (iii), b (ii), c (iv), d (i) - Option (b): a (ii), b (i), c (iv), d (iii) - Option (c): a (ii), b (iii), c (iv), d (i) - Option (d): a (iii), b (i), c (ii), d (iv) The correct option matches perfectly with option **(b)**: a (ii), b (i), c (iv), d (iii).

Key Concepts

Wacker process

The Wacker process is an important industrial method used to oxidize ethylene into acetaldehyde. This chemical transformation uses the catalyst palladium chloride, \(\mathrm{PdCl}_2\). This reaction is a great example of organometallic chemistry in action and typically occurs in an aqueous environment. The beauty of the Wacker process lies in its efficiency. The palladium catalyst allows the reaction to proceed smoothly at mild temperatures and pressures, reducing energy costs compared to more strenuous chemical transformations.
This economical process highlights the practical applications of catalysis in producing basic organic compounds on a large scale. As a result of its efficiency, this method is widely used in the manufacturing of products where acetaldehyde is a key ingredient.

Ziegler-Natta polymerization

Ziegler-Natta polymerization is a brilliant technique in the chemistry of making polymers. Here, the catalysts employed are typically titanium chloride, \(\mathrm{TiCl}_3\), in combination with an organoaluminum compound. This process revolutionized the polymer industry, enabling the creation of polypropylene and polyethylene.
This polymerization technique is so special because of its ability to control the stereochemistry of the resulting polymer, leading to desirable properties such as strength and flexibility. Ziegler-Natta catalysts are thus pivotal in producing plastics with specific characteristics, allowing for a vast array of applications ranging from packaging to automotive parts.

Contact process

The Contact process is a fundamental method employed to produce sulfuric acid, which is a chemical of immense industrial importance. This process uses vanadium(V) oxide, \(\mathrm{V}_2\mathrm{O}_5\), as the catalyst for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide.
The vanadium oxide catalyst is highly effective, promoting this reaction at lower temperatures and thus helping in conserving energy during the production process.
Through the Contact process, sulfuric acid can be produced with great purity, meeting the demands of numerous sectors including fertilizers, petroleum refining, and chemical synthesis. The Contact process, by utilizing an efficient catalyst, ensures that sulfuric acid production is both economical and sustainable.

Deacon's process

Deacon's process is a significant industrial method used to produce chlorine from hydrogen chloride. This process employs the catalyst copper(II) chloride, \(\mathrm{CuCl}_2\). The core of this process is the oxidation of hydrogen chloride with atmospheric oxygen to yield chlorine.
CuCl₂ effectively facilitates this oxidation, highlighting the role of transition metal catalysts in chemical manufacturing. This process is particularly valuable in the context of recycling chlorine in industrial settings. By turning waste hydrogen chloride into chlorine, industries can achieve both economic value and environmental efficiency. Deacon's process emphasizes the beneficial use of catalysts in promoting reactions that would otherwise require strenuous conditions.