Problem 19 - Chemistry An Atoms First Approach

Question

List the formulas of three soluble bromide salts and three insoluble bromide salts. Do the same exercise for sulfate salts, hydroxide salts, and phosphate salts (list three soluble salts and three insoluble salts). List the formulas for six insoluble \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) salts and one soluble \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) salt.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Soluble bromide salts: \(NaBr\), \(KBr\), and \(NH_4Br\). Insoluble bromide salts: \(AgBr\), \(PbBr_2\), and \(TlBr\). Soluble sulfate salts: \(Na_2SO_4\), \(K_2SO_4\), and \((NH_4)_2SO_4\). Insoluble sulfate salts: \(CaSO_4\), \(PbSO_4\), and \(BaSO_4\). Soluble hydroxide salts: \(NaOH\), \(KOH\), and \(LiOH\). Insoluble hydroxide salts: \(Mg(OH)_2\), \(Ca(OH)_2\), and \(Fe(OH)_3\). Soluble phosphate salts: \(Na_3PO_4\), \(K_3PO_4\), and \((NH_4)_3PO_4\). Insoluble phosphate salts: \(Ca_3(PO_4)_2\), \(Ba_3(PO_4)_2\), and \(AlPO_4\). Insoluble lead(II) salts: \(PbI_2\), \(PbBr_2\), \(PbSO_4\), \(PbCO_3\), \(PbCl_2\), and \(Pb(OH)_2\). Soluble lead(II) salt: \(Pb(NO_3)_2\).

Step 1: Soluble Bromide Salts

Soluble bromide salts generally have alkali metal or ammonium cations. We can list the following three soluble bromide salts: 1. Sodium bromide (\(NaBr\)) 2. Potassium bromide (\(KBr\)) 3. Ammonium bromide (\(NH_4Br\))

Step 2: Insoluble Bromide Salts

Insoluble bromide salts typically have cations like heavy metal ions. Three insoluble bromide salts are: 1. Silver bromide (\(AgBr\)) 2. Lead(II) bromide (\(PbBr_2\)) 3. Thallium(I) bromide (\(TlBr\))

Step 3: Soluble Sulfate Salts

Soluble sulfate salts generally have alkali metal or ammonium cations. We can list the following three soluble sulfate salts: 1. Sodium sulfate (\(Na_2SO_4\)) 2. Potassium sulfate (\(K_2SO_4\)) 3. Ammonium sulfate (\((NH_4)_2SO_4\))

Step 4: Insoluble Sulfate Salts

Generally, sulfate salts are soluble, but there are some exceptions. Three insoluble sulfate salts are: 1. Calcium sulfate (\(CaSO_4\)) 2. Lead(II) sulfate (\(PbSO_4\)) 3. Barium sulfate (\(BaSO_4\))

Step 5: Soluble Hydroxide Salts

Soluble hydroxide salts typically have alkali metal ions. We can list the following three soluble hydroxide salts: 1. Sodium hydroxide (\(NaOH\)) 2. Potassium hydroxide (\(KOH\)) 3. Lithium hydroxide (\(LiOH\))

Step 6: Insoluble Hydroxide Salts

Insoluble hydroxide salts usually have heavy metal ions. Three insoluble hydroxide salts are: 1. Magnesium hydroxide (\(Mg(OH)_2\)) 2. Calcium hydroxide (\(Ca(OH)_2\)) 3. Iron(III) hydroxide (\(Fe(OH)_3\))

Step 7: Soluble Phosphate Salts

Soluble phosphate salts tend to have alkali metal or ammonium cations. We can list the following three soluble phosphate salts: 1. Sodium phosphate (\(Na_3PO_4\)) 2. Potassium phosphate (\(K_3PO_4\)) 3. Ammonium phosphate (\((NH_4)_3PO_4\))

Step 8: Insoluble Phosphate Salts

Insoluble phosphate salts generally have heavy metal ions. Three insoluble phosphate salts are: 1. Calcium phosphate (\(Ca_3(PO_4)_2\)) 2. Barium phosphate (\(Ba_3(PO_4)_2\)) 3. Aluminum phosphate (\(AlPO_4\))

Step 9: Insoluble Lead(II) Salts

We can list the following six insoluble lead(II) salts: 1. Lead(II) iodide (\(PbI_2\)) 2. Lead(II) bromide (\(PbBr_2\)) 3. Lead(II) sulfate (\(PbSO_4\)) 4. Lead(II) carbonate (\(PbCO_3\)) 5. Lead(II) chloride (\(PbCl_2\)) 6. Lead(II) hydroxide (\(Pb(OH)_2\))

Step 10: Soluble Lead(II) Salt

One soluble lead(II) salt is lead(II) nitrate. Its formula is: \(Pb(NO_3)_2\)