Problem 187 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline Column-I & Column-II \\ \hline (a) Peroxide & (p) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) \\ (b) Superoxide & (q) \(\mathrm{PbO}_{2}\) \\ (c) Dioxide & (r) \(\mathrm{KO}_{2}\) \\ (d) Suboxide & (s) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) \\ & (t) \(\mathrm{RbO}_{2}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a)-(s), (b)-(r,t), (c)-(q), (d)-(p)

Step 1: Identify the Properties

First, understand the properties or definitions of the terms given in Column-I. A peroxide contains the peroxide ion \( ext{O}^{2-}_2\). A superoxide includes the superoxide ion \(\text{O}^{-}_2\). A dioxide means an oxide with two oxygen atoms directly bonded to another element, often in the form \( ext{XO}_2\). A suboxide typically indicates an oxide species where the ratio of the metal to oxygen is less than that found in normal oxides.

Step 2: Match 'Peroxide'

Peroxide corresponds to compounds containing the peroxide ion \(\text{O}^{2-}_2\). Looking at Column-II, \(\text{H}_2\text{O}_2\) is hydrogen peroxide, which fits this definition. So, (a) matches (s).

Step 3: Match 'Superoxide'

Superoxide compounds contain the superoxide ion \(\text{O}^{-}_2\). In Column-II, \(\text{KO}_2\) and \(\text{RbO}_2\) are known to contain superoxide ions. Thus, (b) matches both (r) and (t).

Step 4: Match 'Dioxide'

Dioxide typically refers to a compound with the formula \(\text{XO}_2\), where an element X is bonded to two oxygen atoms. Lead dioxide, \(\text{PbO}_2\), fits this form. So, (c) matches (q).

Step 5: Match 'Suboxide'

A suboxide implies fewer oxygen atoms per metal compared to a normal oxide. In the list from Column-II, \(\text{C}_3\text{O}_2\) is known as carbon suboxide. Thus, (d) matches (p).

Key Concepts

Peroxide

Peroxides are a class of compounds that include the peroxide ion, denoted as \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}_2\). This ion is characterized by an extra bond between the oxygen atoms, making it essentially a pair of oxygen atoms linked together, with each having a charge of \(-1\). Hydrogen peroxide, \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}_2\), is one of the most common examples.

• This compound sees widespread use as a disinfectant and a bleaching agent owing to its ability to release oxygen when decomposed.
• Peroxides can often act as oxidizing agents because of their ability to easily release oxygen upon breakdown.

Familiarity with how peroxides behave and interact with other substances is essential, especially in understanding chemical reactions involving oxidation.

Superoxide

Superoxides are unique compounds containing the superoxide ion, represented by \(\mathrm{O}^{-}_2\). This ion features a single negative charge spread across the two oxygen atoms, which makes superoxides quite reactive. Compounds like \(\mathrm{KO}_2\) and \(\mathrm{RbO}_2\) are typical examples of this category.

• These compounds often find use in various industries due to their reactive nature and ability to produce oxygen rapidly, making them useful in life-support applications.
• In the presence of moisture, superoxides can produce hydroxyl radicals which are potent oxidizing entities.

Understanding superoxides is crucial for industries that rely on such powerful oxidizing reactions and for developing safe protocols for their handling.

Dioxide

A dioxide is a simple yet crucial compound type in the realm of chemistry, noted for the formula \(\mathrm{XO}_2\), indicating a central atom (X) bonded to two oxygen atoms. Lead dioxide (\(\mathrm{PbO}_2\)) serves as a classic example.

• Compounds with this structure are widespread, playing essential roles in both organic and inorganic chemistry.
• Common dioxides include carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, both pivotal in industries and environmental science.

Being familiar with dioxides allows one to grasp fundamental processes like respiration and combustion, as well as comprehend more intricate chemical and industrial processes.

Suboxide

Suboxides present an interesting category of oxides where the ratio of metal to oxygen deviates from the standard oxides. A key aspect is the presence of fewer oxygen atoms than seen in normal oxide compounds. Carbon suboxide (\(\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{O}_2\)) is recognized within this group.

• Suboxides often exhibit unique properties, making them subjects of academic interest and specialized industrial use.
• They generally possess distinctive bonding structures which confer unusual chemical and physical properties.

Knowledge of suboxides expands understanding of material science, especially in exploring alternative compositions and behaviors of elements.